社子地區民間信仰的發展與調適

Abstract

社子地區位於淡水河與基隆河下游匯流之處，昔日南側有番仔溝流經，四面環水，現今屬於臺北市士林區西北側。區域內廟宇、神壇十分密集，目前數量超過百間。近年來當地因開發議題多次成為社會關注的焦點，其中不乏因廟宇拆遷而引發居民與建商、政府衝突的事件，顯示信仰在當地居民生活中的重要地位。過去已有部分研究者從臨水環境、祖公會祭祀組織的角度探討社子地區的信仰，本文則以歷史學視角出發，拉長時間軸線，結合文獻史料分析、實地考察、居民訪談，整理社子地區的民間信仰與民俗活動及其發展脈絡。釐清地理人文環境對民間信仰的影響、各聚落信仰與祭祀網絡，以及民間信仰的傳承與變遷。社子地區位於河川交會處的沙洲地形，因而形成各聚落獨立祭祀的特性，並與淡水河對岸、同為泉州同安移民為主的大龍峒、蘆洲建立祭祀網絡，反映出當地農村菁英的信仰仍然依附宗族原有的信仰體系。此外，社子地區居民祭祀關渡媽祖與弄土地公習俗則受到對渡航運影響，與大稻埕、蘆洲、士林等鄰近渡口聚落相似。本文透過談討不同層面影響社子地區民間信仰的因素，並梳理日治時期至今的發展脈絡，凸顯社子地區民間信仰的特徵。在浮動、邊陲的環境條件下，居民為水流屍建廟祭祀，使社子地區成為陰廟密集區域，及大家樂時期賭徒求明牌之處。堤防建設與堤外禁建，使得堤外與堤內地區發展分歧，分別遭遇發展停滯及信仰傳承的阻礙。Shezi is located at the confluence of the Tamsui River and the Keelung River. In the past, the Huan-á-kau(番仔溝) flowed through the south side. Shezi was surrounded by water on all sides. Today, it is located in the northwestern part of Shilin District, Taipei City. There are more than one hundred temples and altars in this area. In recent years, Shezi became the focus of public attention due to land development issues. Many conflicts between residents, builders, and the government happened when tearing down the temples. Protests carried out by residents reflected the importance of popular religion to the local population. Some researchers explored the religion in Shezi from the perspective of water environment and ancestral worship organizations. This thesis took a historical perspective and extended the timeline. The research methods included historical data analysis, field investigation, and resident interview. This thesis provided an overview of popular religion, traditional ritual, and their development context in Shezi. It also clarified the impact of geographical and cultural environment on popular religion, the worship networks between settlements, and inheritance and changes of popular religion. Located on a sandbar landform, Shezi developed a pattern of independent worship practices in each settlement. These settlements also established a worship network with Dalongdong and Luzhou, which were also mainly inhabited by immigrants from Tongan, Quanzhou, on the other side of the Tamsui River. This phenomenon reflected that the religion of the local elites was closely affiliated with the clan. In addition, the residents of Shezi worshiped Guandu Mazu and practiced the “lāu Thóo-tī-kong”(弄土地公) ritual, both of which were influenced by river transportation. These rituals were similar to Neighboring ferry settlements such as Dadaocheng, Luzhou, and Shilin. This thesis discussed the effect of popular religion in Shezi from different perspectives. It also clarified the folk development context from the Japanese colonial period to the present, and highlighted the feature of popular religion in Shezi . Under the floating and peripheral environment, residents built temples to worship the floating corpses. Because of this environment, many gamblers visited temples in Shezi to seek lucky numbers during theheyday of the “Da Jia Le” lottery(大家樂). The construction of Embankments and the prohibition of construction led to different development directions between outside and inside the Embankment. The development outside the Embankments stagnated, while the inheritance of religion and ritual inside the Embankments encountered challenges at the same time.