《台南文化》與戰後台南「府城」集體記憶的建構(1951-2001)

Abstract

本文以《台南文化》作為文本分析的對象，探討戰後台南府城集體記憶建構的特質。 《台南文化》中的府城記憶，主要是由台南市文獻會所網羅的地方精英所主導，其主題包涵甚廣，且逐漸趨向多元化。在其所顯示的龐大集體記憶體系中，尤以空間、人物與常民文化的記憶最為突出。 《台南文化》中府城空間的記憶顯現出權力刻劃的痕跡，不僅每個政權都藉特定的「地景」爭相訴說屬於自己的「過去」。鄭成功登陸地點問題更與地方利益相結合，爭論不斷；古蹟的議題，從保存、調查逐漸轉向「再利用」，古蹟也從確立中華文化正統，「活化」成為發展繁榮府城的文化資產以及強化認同的空間。 《台南文化》中所呈現的人物記憶類型，往往反映時代價值的轉變。不論是從軍政類型人物為主轉為以文化特質顯著的地方人物為主之趨勢，抑或是鄭成功形象的數度轉化，皆與台南府城從「反共復國」的「中國」意涵轉向本土化的主流社會意識變遷相呼應。 在本土化思潮高漲的氛圍中，以府城小吃與宗教民俗為主的常民文化自九○年代以來日益成為《台南文化》中的主要府城記憶內容。而在台南市政府發展「文化觀光」的策略下，府城的常民文化記憶進一步成為「產業文化化、文化產業化」潮流中的重要資產。 整體而言，《台南文化》中府城集體記憶建構的過程常受現實關懷所左右，而在權力的運作下，其社會文化意涵呈現了不穩定的特質。唯在過去與現在互為滲透的現象中，仍可窺知其所具備的歷史連續性。This paper takes Tainan culture as the object of text analysis and discusses the characteristics of the construction of post-world war II collective memory of Tainan Fu Cheng. The collective memory of Fu Cheng in Tainan culture is mainly dominated by the local elites who are enlisted by the Tainan City local document clubs. It covers a wide range of themes and gradually diversified. Of this huge system of collective memory, the most prominent memories are the memories of space, figures and folk culture. As indicated in Tainan culture, the collective memory about space shows traces of power. For one thing, each political power competed with one another telling their own past through specific landscapes. For another, Zheng Cheng-Gong’s landing sites issue is combined with local interests, a fact which gives rise to incessant disputes. As for the issue about historical relics, the focus has been shifted from preserving them to conducting surveys before reusing them. And the meaning of historical relics has also changed from ensuring the legitimacy of Chinese culture into developing cultural heritage which can make Fu Cheng prosperous and space which can strengthen locals’ identification with the whole city. The type of figures who are memorized in Tainan Culture often reflects the changes of the value of the times. Whether the main type changes from military and political figures to the local people who have cultural characteristics, or the image of Zheng Cheng-Gong undergoes several transformations, it echoes the change of the mainstream social consciousness from anti- communism to localization. Given that localization becomes the main thought, FuCheng snacks and folk religion has increasingly become the main memory in Tainan Culture since the 1990s. With the Tainan City Government’s pushing for the development of “cultural tourism,” Fu Cheng’s cultural memory becomes important assets in this trend of“industrial culturalization” and “cultural industrialization.” Overall, the construction process of the Fu Cheng collective memory is often influenced by reality care. In the operation of power, its social and cultural meaning shows an unstable nature. The phenomenon in which the past and the present mutually influence one another also helps us realize the historical continuity.