臺灣東部西拉雅族的移動、定著與社會文化變遷

Abstract

現今花東縱谷中、南段及長濱、成功地區的平埔族住民，是來自臺灣西南部地區的西拉雅族。自清代從西部移居至東部後，在人群中隱身，默默守護著自己的族群文化。近年來，由於平埔正名文化的影響，東部的平埔族人不再靜默，開始發聲、重新找回傳統文化。 本文嘗試利用地理研究區方式，逐一探討這群東遷的西拉雅族，在不同的歷史下，對其文化內涵會造成什麼改變，並探討其如何在東部形成社群與人群。亦想瞭解西拉雅族在歷經清代的移動與定著後，對東部原有族群結構造成何種影響與變動。研究範圍涵蓋大庄、新開園與里壠、東海岸中南段等三個研究區域。 首先，筆者就西拉雅族東遷的歷史背景做一相關論述、東遷路線作一系統整理。其次，將西拉雅族的遷移方式與中部平埔族、北部噶瑪蘭族、加禮宛族做對照。並分析這些東遷的西拉雅族是否因為某些政策、地理、環境、族群關係，呈現不同於原鄉的文化內涵。 以日治時期的報章雜誌、廳報、國勢調查、統計報告書、日本學者研究論文、官員報告書等作為研究史料，觀看這些日治時期的東部西拉雅族人的遷移活動、生活文化情形，企圖以不同的角度與觀點，呈現當時西拉雅族的社會變遷情形。更利用史料、研究者的田野調查、方志中口述訪談，試著拼湊出平埔族東遷情形、路線及生活景況，探討平埔族在東遷後，在清代幾個重大事件中，其所扮演之角色背後的歷史意識與族群關係。 此外，以日治時期為主要研究時間軸，針對這群平埔族在日治時期的社會變遷情形做一相關論述。在各個研究區域內，不同歷史背景環境下，是否因此產生不同的文化與變動，對於外界的環境，這群人對於自我認同又是怎麼樣的態度與想法，我們藉著這群西拉雅人的社會變遷，去尋找相關的答案。Nowadays, the Plain Indigenous People (Pingpu People) of the central and southern East Rift Valley; Changbin and ChengGong areas are the Siraya from the southwest of Taiwan. Since Qing Dynasty, they have moved from the west to the east of Taiwan, hiding themselves in the crowd and protecting their culture silently. In recent years, because of the Name-Correction Movement, the Pingou People of eastern Taiwan have been not silent anymore. They have started to speak out and found their traditional culture back. This study are adopted the Geographic Research Area approach to investigate the Siraya. In view of the different historical backgrounds, this study aimed to explore what kinds of cultural change; how to form the community and population structure in the eastern Taiwan; and understand what kinds of influence and change to the original eastern tribe structure after the Siraya move and settle down during Qing Dynasty. The three research areas include Da-jhanung, ShinKaiYuan and Lilong; the central and south of the East Coast. First, the researcher discusses the historical background of the Siraya’s eastern movement and collates its route systematically. Then, compare it with the central Pinpu Tribes, the northern Kavarawan and Kailawan. Besides, the researcher analyzes whether or not it presents different aboriginal culture connotations because of some policies, geography, environment and the ethnic relations. The research data are collected from the newspaper and magazines, TingBao, national census, statistical reports, Japanese scholars’ research papers, official reports and other historical materials during period of Japanese Occupation. Because of the Siraya’ movement, life and culture in the eastern Taiwan, the data have showed the social change of the Siraya from various angles and perspectives; moreover, in advantage of above historical materials, researchers’ filed investigation and discourse interview of chronicle, the data portray the whole eastern movement, route and life of the Siraya. Furthermore, it explore its meaning of historical conscious and the relationship between tribes after the eastern movement from the major events in Qing. Additionally, the research aims at the Pingpu tribe’s social change during Japanese Occupation in Taiwan. In each field research, whether or not the different culture and change are generated under various historical backgrounds. For the external context, we find what kinds of attitudes and thoughts toward self-identity by the Pingpu tribe’s social change.