韻律體操規則改變對團體整套發展的影響

Abstract

韻律體操(Rhythmic Gymnastics, RG)，是一項結合音樂、舞蹈、器械、身體動作變化等多重元素的評分性運動。臺灣韻律體操的團體項目在2017年世界大學運動會得到銀牌，取得歷史上最佳成績。國際體操總會所發布 2017-2020新規則中包括取消難度分數上限等實施規則，對各國的團體競賽成績產生相當大的影響。本研究透過檢驗規則改變前後各隊團體兩項整套難度相關分數的差異，了解新規則對團體整套編排的影響。本研究以影片標記分析方式，由兩位具韻律體操裁判資格者，紀錄國際體操總會2017-2019年舉辦之韻律體操世界盃與世界錦標賽，單手具及雙手具兩項團體項目單項決賽前八名隊伍，共計13場比賽203套整套動作中的難度動作、其對應分值，以及難度動作的數量等內容，並以二因子變異數分析、單因子變數分析、無母數考驗及卡方獨立性考驗檢驗整套難度相關分數在規則修改前後三年間及兩種項目間的差異。研究結果顯示，規則改變後各隊整套難度相關分數於三年間達到顯著差異；協作難度與韻律步伐的調整為主要影響難度分數提升的來源。建議未來研究方向可以朝不同手具項目對於整套發展的影響，做更進一步的討論。

Rhythm gymnastics is a sport that combines multiple elements such as music, dance, instruments, and body movements and the evaluations of performance are determined by points awarded by judges based on the scoring systems. The group event of Taiwan Rhythm Gymnastics won a silver medal at the 29th Summer Universiade 2017, the best result in history. The new rules issued by the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) for 2017-2020 include the removal of the cap on difficulty scores, which had a considerable impact on the performance of team competitions. This study aimed to understand the influence of the new rules on the whole group arrangement by examining two sets of difficulty related scores before and after the change of the rules. Thirteen competions which included 203 sets of routine from the top eight teams in the rhythmic gymnastics World Cups and World Championships held by FIG from 2017 to 2019 were recorde by two rhythmic gymnastics judges. The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, nonparametric tests and chi-squared test of independent to examine the influence of the rule changes and the differences between the 2 sets on the difficulty related characteristics. The results showed that the difficulty-related scores of each team had significant increase whithin three years of the rule changes, and the adjustment of the collaboration difficulty and dance steps combination were the main sources of the increase. Future research may focus on the characteristics of individual apparatus and its impact on the development of the routines for the single and mixed apparatus sets.