不同層級排球選手接發球準確性、啟動時間、動作時間之探討

Abstract

排球接球員在接發球時，會利用發球員的動作以及球的軌跡和速度等重要的訊息，以於正確的空間與時間完成動作。目的：了解優秀和非優秀排球選手，在接發球時面對不同發球種類，其接球準確性、啟動時間、動作時間是否存在差異。方法：特優級選手與公開組選手各八名分別接兩組不同層級（特優級、公開組）發球者兩種不同球種（跳發球、飄浮球）各9球（2組 × 8選手× 2組發球員 × 2球種 × 9球重複），共576次試作。利用兩台高速攝影機（200fps）同步拍攝接球者正後方與側面的動作，以及球從發球者觸球後整段飛行軌跡，並利用側拍攝影機判斷接發球準確性。結果：特優接球組接球表現顯著優於公開接球組，兩接球組面對飄浮球時準確性較高、啟動時間較晚於跳發球，而特優接球組在面對特優發球組時的啟動時間顯著早於公開接球組。兩組接球組動作時間沒有差異。特優接球組啟動時間與接球移動距離沒有相關，而公開接球組成正相關。兩接球組面對跳發球時啟動時間與球速呈負相關。結論：特優級選手的接球準確性是優於公開組選手，在面對較快速的發球時，特優接球組啟動較公開接球組早，代表特優接球組可能能夠較早偵測到訊息作為啟動動作的依據。

In volleyball serve-reception, the characteristics of the server’s movement and the ball such as the trajectory and velocity provide the receiver with key information to execute his/her movement in the right place at the right time. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between different levels of players receiving 2 different types of serves (jump serve vs. stand float) in performance accuracy, movement initiation time, and movement time. Method: Eight male elite and non-elite players were instructed to receive 36 serves from 2 different levels of servers with 2 different types of serves. Two synchronized high-speed cameras (200 fps) captured the movement of the receiver and the trajectory of the ball. Passing performance accuracy was determined based on another digital camera placed on the side of the court. The data were analyzed with the Kwon 3D motion digitizing system. Results: The passing accuracy of elite group was significantly higher than non-elite group. Both groups initiated later when receiving the floaters than jump serves. But when receiving the serves from the elite server group, the movement initiation time of elite group was earlier than the non-elite. No difference between the groups for the movement time. The movement initiation time for the elite group had no correlation with the movement distance whereas a significant positive correlation was observed for the non-elite group. There was also a significant negative correlation between average ball velocity and movement initiation time for the jump serves. Conclusion: When receiving the faster serves, elite group could initiate earlier than non-elite group, it is possible that the elite receivers could detect relevant information earlier to facilitate the initiation of the movement.