「述祖德」詩賦之重述與挪借 ──以謝靈運〈述祖德〉二首與〈山居賦〉 對讀為中心

Abstract

「述祖德」主題，於《詩經》已存在，並對後世述祖德主題之確立，形成影響。不同於紹述先祖功業之傳統，謝靈運〈述祖德〉二首與〈山居賦〉之寫作意圖，乃在「重述祖德」與「挪借賦體」。本文擬先梳理先秦至魏晉述祖德諸作，掌握此一傳統。其後，以謝靈運作品對讀為主，一者完整闡述謝靈運憬慕先祖之情，二者一窺謝靈運應對不遇之態。同時，揀擇魏晉時期述祖德代表作品，如陸機〈祖德賦〉、〈述先賦〉，及陶淵明〈命子〉等，與謝靈運相互對照。期望於彼此同異之間，勾勒文人於先祖榮光之下，如何尋思自我。最後，突顯謝靈運託言紹述，實則透過重述與挪借，彌縫主觀企望之功業。The theme of “praise the virtues of the ancestors” has already existed in the Shi Jing , and influence the subsequent establishment of the theme. Different from the tradition of describing ancestral achievements, the writing intent of XIE, LING-YUN 's two works is to reinterpret and appropriation poems and fu. This article first combs the tradition of the works of ancestors from Pre-Qin to Wei Jin. Then through the comparison of XIE, LING-YUN’s these two works, we can fully explain XIE, LING-YUN 's longing for ancestors and understand how XIE, LING-YUN faced unsatisfactory situations. In addition, I will also choose the representative works of the ancestral achievements in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as Lu Ji's “Zu De Fu”, “Shu Xian Fu” and TAO, YUAN-MING’s “Ming Zi Shi” to compare with XIE, LING-YUN 's works. I hope that by comparing the works to find out how to face ancestral merit when the writer is unwilling. It also highlights that XIE, LING-YUN seems to imitate, in fact, it is through reinterpreting and appropriating to compensate for the subjective expectations.