以事件關聯電位探討運動對注意力缺陷過動症孩童抑制能力的影響

Abstract

研究發現注意力缺陷過動症在認知功能上 (特別是在抑制能力) 比一般孩童差。然而目前研究證實運動對認知功能有正面影響。目的：探討運動介入是否能改善注意力缺陷過動症孩童的抑制能力，並採用事件關聯電位瞭解大腦活動改變的歷程。方法：實驗參與者為13位ADHD孩童，研究採組內設計，所有實驗參與者需接受三次Go/Nog與Flanker作業，而三次測驗之間皆相隔八週時間，而在第二次測驗後則進行身體活動課程介入，介入完成後再進行第三次測驗。結果：在行為表現方面，運動後介入後Flanker作業的正確率提高、反應時間變異減少，Go/Nogo作業則無顯著效果。在ERP方面，運動介入後，Flanker作業的N2振幅變大、潛伏時間變短；Go/Nogo作業Nogo刺激的P3潛伏時間變長、振幅變小，與抑制能力有關的N2則無顯著效果。結論：運動可能改善抑制能力，但對需要干擾控制能力的效果較明顯，而其中仍然包含歷史、成熟與測驗的影響。

Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more deficient in inhibitory processes than normal ones. However, previous studies showed that physical activities had positive impact on cognitive function. Propose: This study examined the effect of exercise on inhibition ability of children with ADHD children, using Event-related potential (ERP) to show activity of brain. Methods: Thirteenparticipants joined in the study and the experimental design used the within-subject design. All participants performed Go/Nogo and Flanker task at three different time points. The interval between each test was eight weeks. Exercise intervention was implemented after the second test, the third task was done after finishing intervention. Results: In behavioral performance, after exercise intervention RT variability reduced and accuracy increased in Flanker task rather than in Go/Nogo task. In ERP, N2 amplitude was larger and latency was shorter after exercise intervention in Flanker task. P3 amplitude decreased and latency was longer in Nogo stimuli of the Go/Nogo task, but not N2. Conclusion: Exercise may improve the inhibition ability, but that would be more attributable to the interference control. However, it still cannot be ruled out history, maturation or repeated testing effects.