超譯《道德經》:新時代風格的三種《道德經》英譯本

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2014

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本研究從翻譯角度分析《道德經》英譯本和美國新時代思潮的關係,探討受新時代思潮影響的譯者如何以超譯的方式收編《道德經》,使該經典成為新時代思潮的再現媒介。言簡意賅的《道德經》給予譯者許多想像空間,在當代產生許多不同風格的譯本,而在翻譯過程中,譯者所崇尚的思想有時凌駕原文,形成以原文為外觀,譯者思想為內在的超譯文本。新時代思潮則是美國當代盛行的追尋個人靈性風潮,承襲十八、十九世紀的另類信仰,於上一世紀六○年代興起,其思想軸心為療癒,並主張以改變個人為起點,最終目標為改善整體環境。不過,新時代思潮的重心仍經常以如何改善個人生活為重,該思潮有三種特性:自我中心傾向、正面思考和積極化。本研究以史蒂芬‧米契爾、韋恩‧W‧戴爾和黛安‧崔何三位崇尚新時代思潮的譯者之譯本為例,分析新時代思潮如何透過超譯的方式進入《道德經》,而三種譯本如何具體呈現上述新時代思潮的三種特質,將《道德經》收編為新時代思潮的一部分。超譯並非單純誤譯,而是一種反映出當代讀者心態的文化現象,當讀者想要閱讀經典又渴望改善生活,就可能出現譯者思想凌駕於原文的超譯文本。《道德經》和新時代思潮相似之處在於提供讀者精神撫慰,而超譯者即以此為基礎,將《道德經》超譯為現代人的心靈支柱。
This study focuses on three English Tao Te Ching translations, in which the Chinese classic is reinterpreted in a New-Age language. With continuous popularity since 1960’s, the New Age Movement emphasizes the healing of selves and the environment as a whole, pursuing self-authority in both physical and spiritual realms. This study proposes that the Movement can be concluded in three features: self-centeredness, positive thinking, and proactivenss; and the three translations, respectively made by Stephen Mitchell, Wayne. W. Dyer, and Diane Dreher, together represent a kind of adaptation-translation that contains these features, turning Tao Te Ching into an interpretation endorsing New-Age beliefs.

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《道德經》, 新時代思潮, 超譯, 自我中心, 正面思考, 積極化, Tao Te Ching, New Age Movement, adaptation-translation, self-centeredness, positive thinking, proactiveness

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