論儒家的傳統民間德教及其在現代社會的困難

Abstract

儒家從孔孟起始，就重視在民間傳播德教，至宋明儒家，此傳統振興而弘揚，並成為中國庶民社會的基本教化傳統，甚至清朝的東南海島臺灣，亦無例外，皆以儒家德教為其民間教育之內容。本文從宋明大儒的民間德教之實踐論起，而及於一般民間的德教之透過鄉約、宗祠、書院等宗族和社會教育之組織結構而詮釋儒家傳統民間德教之內容。同時，本文之末也關懷在現代化衝擊之下，傳統民間儒家德教遭逢衰退之危機以及在都市中推行的困難，嘗試提出初步的對應之道。

Confucians has been promoting moral education since Confucius’ time. Neo-Confucians carried forward this tradition, which thus became the fundamental principles of Chinese cultural education, and this was also the case for Taiwan during the Qing Dynasty. This article shall firstly discuss some of the major Neo-Confucians’ practices of folk education, then will focus on how Confucian moral education had been proceeded through various social-educational systems. Meanwhile, the crisis of Confucian moral education in the wake of modernization and urbanization, and some possible preliminary solutions to it, will also be examined by the end of the article.