論羅德•達爾童書中譯本的翻譯與改寫現象

Abstract

羅德•達爾 (Roald Dahl，1916-1990) 不僅為西方兒童文學名家，並且有別於一般童書，其兒文創作不時以嘲諷的文字風格描繪兒童不宜的故事內容，因此，本研究冀望透過歷時性研究，爬梳達爾在臺灣的接受史，檢視其童書如何藉由翻譯與改寫在國內兒文市場被通關放行。首先，儘管達爾童書早期中譯本出版者眾，卻無任何出版社提出有系統的出版計畫，導致其人其書面貌模糊。接續的志文出版社《新潮少年文庫》以較完整的編輯策略介紹其童書，並多保留達爾苛刻的寫作風格，譯文也採全譯，而非早期譯本的改寫策略。小天下出版社取得達爾童書最新版權後，則將其改以套書方式出版，並形塑達爾兒文經典大師的形象，不過，翻譯策略除於前人譯本的基礎上予以修改或重譯，對其中似乎較兒童不宜的內容，譯筆則常趨向溫和淡化。

整體而言，正是因為上述國內不同時期出版社與譯者的協力合作，達爾及其童書得由最初零散模糊的介紹，終至成就其在臺灣兒童文學大家與經典童書的地位。儘管如此，探討各出版社編輯策略與譯者翻譯策略時，尤其是關於達爾童書中易引發疑慮的內容與情節，本研究發現達爾童書中譯本與改寫本產出的歷程也同時反映出臺灣不同時期兒童文學的出版文化、主流價值與翻譯策略相互對話的成果。

關鍵詞：羅德•達爾、兒童文學、翻譯、改寫Roald Dahl (1916-1990) is not only a renowned western author of children’s literature, but a controversial one, whose stories for children tend to be written in sarcastic language, replete with contents inappropriate for young readers. This research, via a diachronic approach, aims to explore his reception history in Taiwan, along with how his works for children have been translated and adapted for Taiwan’s children’s literature market. Initially, while varied Taiwanese publishers had Dahl’s books for children rendered, none attempted to soundly introduce them to Chinese readers, hence obscuring the identity of him and his works for children. Unlike previous publishers, Zhi-wen Publishing House edited through a cohesive plan the renditions of his books for children, with his harsh writing style mostly preserved and stories fully rendered, not adapted any more, due to the lifting of martial law. After procuring the latest copyright, Global Kids Books turned to publish Dahl’s works in book series, endeavoring as well to shape him as Master of children’s literature. Yet its translation strategy, besides modifying past renditions of Dahl’s books for children, inclined to tone down their seemingly inappropriate story parts for children.

As mentioned above, the collective efforts of different Taiwan’s publishers and their translators led Dahl and his books for children to evolving from an indistinct image to eventually assuming a canonical status in Taiwan. Moreover, the analysis on corresponding strategies employed by those publishers and translators, especially over the controversial contents of Dahl’s stories for children, indicated translations and adaptations of his books for children happen to be also the ultimate outcome of dialogue among publication norms, concurrent mainstream values and translation strategies in discrete phases of children’s literature in Taiwan.

Keywords: Roald Dahl, children’s literature, translation, adaptation