真心、深情與清淨

Abstract

本文擬從小說美學的角度入手，以敘事治療作為研究方法，探尋《紅樓夢》作者的人物美學思想、敘事模式、療癒意義，以及創作心理等課題，期盼能勾勒出《紅樓夢》作者創作心理的意義與價值。本文共分四大重點：一為《紅樓夢》作者在文本中塑造有純真、認真、率真三類真心人正傳；二為多情、痴情與純情三類深情人群像；三為清潔、清明與清雅三類清淨人寫照。四為《紅樓夢》作者塑造此真心、深情與清淨的小說人物，其創作用心，乃在以「真」療「假」、以「情」療「理」、以「清」療「濁」。《紅樓夢》作者在人物美學的獨特敘事中，標舉「真心」、「深情」與「清淨」的人格之美，除了為生命中本自歷歷有人的閨閣女兒作傳，使其人格品貌不致泯滅於無形，並給予一己創傷生命帶來獨特的結果，造成重新生活的力量之外，另一用意，乃在對治因主流敘事所導致的文化病癥，企圖以人性之美來彌補清代醜惡澆薄的時代風俗。

From the perspective of novel aesthetics, this essay takes narrative therapy as the research method to explore thoughts of Cao Xueqin, the author of classic The Dream of the Red Chamber, on aesthetics of characters, narrative mode, meaning of healing, and psychology of creation. This paper aims to outline the meaning and value of Cao’s psychology of creation. This essay consists of four emphases. Firstly, in his classic novel, Cao shapes the main subject for three types of genuine people in purity, earnestness, and forthrightness and sincerity. Secondly, the author creates the group images of three types of people in full affection, blind passion, and pure heart. Thirdly, Cao creates the portrayal of three types of pure and tranquil people in cleanness, clearness and brightness, and refinement. Fourthly, the author shapes the characters of genuineness, affection, and purity and tranquility in the novel, and his motive of creation lies in treating “falsehood” with “truth,” treating “emotion” with “rationality,” and treating “confusion” with “purity.”