科技與正義-跆拳道護具電子化的演變與權力互動關係

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討科技與正義的關係，透過Foucault（傅柯）的權力觀點檢視跆拳道護具電子化的演變與權力關係。方法：一為檔案蒐集，蒐集跆拳道護具演變、比賽技術、比賽知識與比賽權力等四個面向有關的檔案資料。二為訪談法，以補足檔案資料不足的部份。三為進入田野觀察持續發現各種有意義與相關的事件出現。結果：1.傳統護具時期的演變是以「緩慢增加」護具項目為主，電子護具時期的演變是以「快速更換」護具品牌為主，但傳統與電子時期之間並非截然劃分。2.傳統護具時期以跆拳道技術為主，電子護具時期則以電子護具使用技術為主。3.傳統護具時期以內行人知識為主；電子護具時期是外行引導內行知識。4.傳統護具時期權力集中於裁判與世跆盟，電子護具時期新權力興起並分散四處。結論：1.隨著護具電子化的演變比賽系譜上的力點多元多變且逐漸增加，科技與權力的雙重性產生正義與不正義的效果，科技可作為權力流動的遮蔽物。2.科技無法解決正義問題，正義是各方力點綜合成的時代話語，故科技與正義互為彼此的化身。建議：1.揭露各種力點以接近比賽正義。2.善用科技的雙重性，找回失落的跆拳道技術。3.相關培訓單位宜建立情報資料蒐集小組。4.建立不同電子護具的專門訓練知識。5.同步翻譯國際競賽規則並上網公告。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the power relations created in the evolution of electronic taekwondo protection. Foucault’s point of view on power was adopted when investigating the relationships between technology and justice. Methods: Documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field research were used in this study. Documentary analysis was used in the investigation of the properties of the different electronic protective systems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine how the different electronic scoring systems affect Taekwondo competitions. Taekwondo competitors, taekwondo coaches and technicians of the taekwondo electronic protection systems were interviewed. Training camps and competitions were used as a reflection field in order to understand the data from the documentation and interviews. Results: 1. The protection evolved steadily during the period of traditional taekwondo protection but then changed dramatically in the period of electronic taekwondo protection. However, there is not a clear distinction between the periods of traditional and electronic protection. 2. In the traditional taekwondo protection system, competitors used “taekwondo skill”, but in the new taekwondo protection systems they needed to develop “electronic taekwondo skill”. 3. The different periods of taekwondo protection systems have seen the development of different competition skills, knowledge, and power. During the period of traditional protection, competition knowledge was that understood by people directly involved in a match, but in the period of electronic protection, competition knowledge has become that known by people not traditionally involved in a match. 4. The power in competitions using the traditional taekwondo protection system was held by judges and the WTF; however, with the advent of electronic protection systems, more power has fallen under the sway of external elements. Conclusion: 1. Technology and power are intrinsically linked, and this relationship results in both justice and injustice in taekwondo competitions. Technology has become a veil to various power relationships and is only masquerading as a means of achieving justice. 2. Technology cannot, therefore, solve the problem of injustice. Justice becomes a topic for discussion among various power points. Technology acts as Justice’s double but can lead to both injustice and injustice. Suggestion: 1. Expose the degree to which power in taekwondo competitions can be manipulated to affect justice or injustice. 2. Try to use electronic protection systems to allow the return of traditional Taekwondo skills to competitions. 3. Training units should establish an intelligence gathering group. 4. The training knowledge of different electronic protection systems should be developed. 5. The Taekwondo international competition rules should be translated to Chinese and published on internet simultaneously.