電子產業廢溶劑回收之商業模式初探

Abstract

摘 要 隨著環保議題日益受到重視，資源的有效回收再利用已成當前重要課題，另在電子業降低成本考量下，廢溶劑回收成為顯學，除了原料生產商透過通路出貨終端客戶外，廢棄物處理場回收面板或半導體廠的電子廢溶劑後，經由純化廠到系統廠商再售予終端客戶的新價值鏈也逐漸成形。 本文以供應鏈的角度出發，採用次級資料分析輔以產業界內部的田野資料的方式，逐一釐清半導體與TFT-LCD產業概況，同時了解電子級溶劑使用與回收趨勢，以及趨勢下的回收技術、資格與法規層次，藉此勾勒出大趨勢所造就之新的產業價值鏈輪廓與競合態勢，並以五力分析探討鑫林公司首創附買回模式下的電子級廢溶劑回收供應鏈，從而解析當中所產生的多項效益，並獲致以下結論: 1. 電子級廢溶劑回收可替代焚燒處理，較為環保，並可妥善再利用廢料。 2. 在電子級廢溶劑回收價值鏈中的行業競爭不低，大者恆大，以規模經濟賺取微利，且品質、集團、與大廠關係決定勝敗。 3. 而新加入者因市場特性、法規、技術等因素不易進入。 4. 此附買回模式可降低購買者成本、穩定供貨，逆銷售可順暢通路，維繫長期客戶關係，並增加自身收益。 5. 鑫林附買回模式之價值鏈可有效去化供應商廢料，雖目前供應商議價能力強，但未來有望反轉，惟一旦違規，將落入惡性循環的淘汰輪迴。 6. 廢料純化產品的減排再生比率相當高，可有效降低購買者成本，增加自身收益。 7. 廢料純化產品比重拉高有助改善整體毛利，財報改善或有機會降低廠商資金成本。 根據以上結論，本研究並提出研究建議並指出後續研究的方向以供相關單位與後續研究者做為參考。ABSTRACT With the growing concerns about environmental issues, the way of recycling is becoming an important lesson we need to learn. Moreover, on the consideration of cost-reduction in electronics industry, reuse of chemical waste becomes a main stream. Besides raw material suppliers shipped raw materials through distributions to customers, the whole new supply chain that waste handling companies recycled waste solvents from industries related to semiconductor and flat panel display, then the waste solvents is sold through purifier and system house to customers. In the perspective of supply chain, we make a secondary data analysis approach combined with industry field research, in order to figure out current electronic waste solvents in industries related to semiconductor and flat panel display. We are trying to understand the new recycling technology, qualification and legislation. Given that, we picture the concept of the whole new value-added supply chain. We take Porter five forces analysis on the concept created by PPC (ProsperChem Inc.) about electronic waste solvents supply chain with repo option, to find out multiple benefits from that. The conclusions are as below: 1. It is more environmental friendly for recycling of electronic waste solvents than in place of incineration. 2. Competition in recycling of electronic waste solvents is highly intense. Only the one with Economic scale, high quality, and good relation with big electronic manufactures can survive in this industry. 3. The high threshold for new comers are legislation, technology and niche market characters. 4. Under this repo mode, it may reduce buyers’ costs, stabilize supply available, give a smoother supply chain, maintain long-term customer relationship, and generating firms’ revenues. 5. Value chain brought in PPC’s Repo mode is effective in inventory consumption. In the supply chain, Supplier’s bargaining power is stronger than buyers at present though, the positions may reverse for the lower oil price in the future. In addition, if firms violate laws, vicious circle will begin and it will eliminate those firms from the market. 6. Purification of waste products are regenerated with a high proportion. It may reduce buyers’ costs and generate firms’ revenues. 7. Firms may improve gross margin and balance sheet by enhancing percentage of purification of waste products. Firms’ capital cost may get down. Based on the study findings, the author provides suggestions for future studies.