石化業公共意外責任基金與保險之研究

Abstract

國內的石化業致力於工安事故的損害防阻，沒有一家企業願意讓意外事故發生，因為一旦不幸發生，企業之負責人及操作的員工，背負的可是刑責、民事損害賠償及環境污染之責，後果不堪設想。 然而，公共意外責任基金及購買再保險，雖然不能免除過失之責，但對於無辜的社會大眾，可以在第一時間獲得某種程度之補償，而企業也得免於面臨營運困難之窘境。 本研究認為在面對像高雄氣爆案類似的重大意外事故後，相關石化業應思考成立，並提撥公共意外責任基金及購買再保險，甚至制定一套完整的架構以因應之。 首先，透過文獻觀點、台灣石化業的經營環境、石化業相關投保與責任保險之定義，並以企業社會責任之概念作為核心思想，說明石化業公共意外責任基金之重要性與其帶來的效益。 其二，以台灣汽(機)車強制險及住宅地震保險基金之個案研析，為後續石化業公共意外責任基金與保險之架構鋪陳。 最後，先擬定石化業公共意外責任基金之組織架構與其運作方式，並以試算表的方式，將石化業公共意外責任基金之構想具象化。

Taiwan's petrochemical industry, in general, is committed to following all safety-related requirements, no company wants to encounter any EHS accidents. When incidents happen, the head of the company plus the responsible employees will face potential criminal charges, also in parallel, are the civil lawsuit and the environmental damages, all with severe consequences. Facing this potential disaster, the Public Accident Responsibility Fund, and additional re-insurance can be used to help the company to shoulder the financial liability when incidents happen, reduce the pain level during this challenging time. This study proposes that in the event of major accidents such as Kaohsiung Gas Explosion, the relevant industry should consider to set up a liability fund for public safety, to allocate money regularly into the funds to handle potential incidents, also to set up a complete procedural process on how/when/who to handle the incidents. Through literature research, this paper looks into the business environment of Taiwan's petrochemical industry, the definition of insurance and liability insurance related to the petrochemical industry, and base on corporate social responsibility to illustrate the fundamental importance of the public accident liability fund and its expected benefits. Then through case studies, targeting the existing Taiwan Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance, plus the current Residential Earthquake Insurance Funds, this paper proposes an organization structure and the operation model for petrochemical industry's public accident liability fund and insurance. Finally, based on the above, the paper provides an execution simulation for the proposed funds.