「日本」國號與「天皇」制的起源─以最近發見的墓誌、木簡為據

dc.contributor.author 高明士 zh_tw
dc.contributor.author Kao, Ming-shih en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2014-10-27T15:31:43Z
dc.date.available 2014-10-27T15:31:43Z
dc.date.issued 2012-12-?? zh_TW
dc.description.abstract 「日本」(yamato)國號與「天皇」(sumera-mikoto)號成立於何時?學界說法紛紜。拙稿以為「日本」國號在668 年頒行所謂《近江令》之際,當已出現。670 年,武則天從日本第七次遣唐使得知改國號一事,乃諭令將「倭」(yamato)改稱「日本」(yamato,hi-no-moto)。2011 年在西安發現的「(百濟人)祢軍墓誌」(卒於678 年),誌文中提到「日本」,是到現在為止所發現的金石文當中最早提到「日本」的,也是在時間上最接近670 年成立「日本」國號的證據。就當時的唐朝官方的認定而言,「日本」國號在670 年成立,應可塵埃落定。隨著國號的改稱, 到天武朝( 673-686) 時, 也將以往的王號或大王(ōkimi)號改稱為「天皇」(sumera-mikoto),此由最近在奈良地區發現的木簡,出現「天皇」一詞,可作旁證。所以日本的「天皇號」,當初定於681 年進行編纂的《淨御原令》。到702 年《大寶令》、757 年《養老令》頒行時,更為完備。由「日本」國號及「天皇」號的出現,可知自大化革新以後,日本積極仿唐建設法制國家;八世紀之際,日本的律令國家建設,已建制以天皇為頂點的「專制君主制」。 zh_tw
dc.description.abstract There has been a dispute about the time of the emergence of the Japanese Country title (yamato) and the emperor system (sumera-mikoto). My articlesuggested that the term yamato first appeared at 668 AD when the Ōmi code was issued. In the year 670 AD, Empress Wu Zetian, upon learning the change ofJapanese Country name, ordered the change from “Wo” (yamato) into “Riben”(yamato, nihon). In 2011 AD, a Baiji soldier’s tombstone “Ni-jun epitaph” (d. in678 AD) was discovered. “Riben” was mentioned in the inscription. This was first time the term “Riben” ever found in the inscriptions on bronzes and stone tablets. It was also very close to the year 670 AD when Japan was renamed. As far as the Tang Dynasty was concerned, it was evidently that Japan wasaddressed as “Riben” at the year 670 AD.With the change of the name of Japanese country, during the reign of Tenmu Tennō (673-686 AD), the previous title for the Japanese King “ōkimi” was changed to Tennō (sumera-mikoto). This change was supported by the newly discovered wooden tablets in Nara area, where the term “sumera-mikoto” was inscribed. Thus, the Japanese title for the Tennō was first appeared in the Statute of Kiyomihararyō, which was compiled in 681 AD. The Tennō system was later confirmed and completed in the Statute of Taihōryō in 702 AD and the Statute of Yōrōryō in 757 AD.With the emergence of the terms “Riben”(yamato, ni-hon) and “Tianhuang”(sumera-mikoto), we could understand that after the Taika reform, Japan had made great efforts to establish a country ruled by law, following the model of the Tang Dynasty. Around the Eighth Century AD, the state-building enterprise of Japan as a Ritsuryō Japan (a country ruled by law and regulations) gradually took the form of Tianhuang despotic system with the emperor (Tennō) as thesupreme leader. en_US
dc.identifier DBD6D4C5-1820-6DD7-500B-530CAC4DC2C9 zh_TW
dc.identifier.uri http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/handle/20.500.12235/19339
dc.language 中文 zh_TW
dc.publisher 國立台灣師範大學歷史硏究所 zh_tw
dc.publisher National Taiwan Normal University Department of History en_US
dc.relation (48),259-280 zh_TW
dc.relation.ispartof 臺灣師大歷史學報 zh_tw
dc.subject.other 日本國號 zh_tw
dc.subject.other 天皇制 zh_tw
dc.subject.other 井真成墓誌 zh_tw
dc.subject.other 杜嗣先墓誌 zh_tw
dc.subject.other 祢軍墓誌 zh_tw
dc.subject.other the name of the Japanese Country en_US
dc.subject.other Tennō system en_US
dc.subject.other Jing Zhen-cheng epitaph en_US
dc.subject.other Du Ci-xian epitaph en_US
dc.subject.other Ni-jun epitaph en_US
dc.title 「日本」國號與「天皇」制的起源─以最近發見的墓誌、木簡為據 zh-tw
dc.title.alternative The Origin of the Title of Japanese Country and the Tennō (Tianhuang) System-Based on Newly Discovered Tomb Epitaph and Wooden Tablets zh_tw
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