潛意識台灣——以台灣一九七〇後小説家吳明益、甘耀明、童偉格、伊格言為研究核心

Abstract

本研究的主體對象是七〇後出生作家的小說作品，採用的方法為深層心理學相關理論和文本分析法。首先，緒論部分對七〇後作家群像進行描繪，指出其寫作上的共同點及面臨的挑戰與困境。其次，在此基礎上選取七〇後作家中具有代表性的四位作家吳明益、甘耀明、童偉格、伊格言並對其創作歷程和作品審美特色進行泛述。這些作家最初都從書寫鄉土開始，他們以都市人的想像與感受書寫鄉土世界並將現代主義中主體對自身的追尋、孤獨、異化感等個體心理體驗嫁接到鄉土中，這些心理體驗具體表現為在小說中大量使用夢境、神話、原型意象等代表個體潛意識與集體潛意識的心理活動呈現人物的精神世界。夢境展現了個體潛意識的變形，夢境對個體心靈起到滿足欲望、彌補匱乏、放飛夢想、探索自我甚至精神控制的作用，夢境既與個人經歷相關，也可以表現人類集體無意識，從個體潛意識之夢到具有原型意味的夢，都對人格發展起補償作用，也提供解決問題的思路。神話是人類對世界的集體想像與理解世界的方式。作家通過對神話的重新敘述，對神話進行變形、借用或重寫，從而發揮了反抗壓迫、療癒心靈、凸顯神聖時間等作用，神話有時也代表虛假謊言，如科技或政治的神話往往被證明是虛妄，也傷害了個體生活。在此基礎上審視神話及其價值，探討爲何人們對神話的需要，失去神話的現代社會又對人的精神有何影響。作家還在不同作品反復書寫相似情節、主題、特定的意象、人物形象、人物關係模式，這並非簡單重複或靈感枯竭的表現，而是作家有不得不書寫的心理情結需要通過反復書寫某個故事、人物、情緒、本能來實現寫作目標，其所形成的原型是集體潛意識的反復展現。本部分對此進行總結並指出原型書寫意味著作家一再回到某些難解的問題、情緒與心結，正是人類心理無意識的表象。在對小説作品中夢境、神話、原型等寫作表象進行分析以後，在結論部分進一步將七〇後作家與「新南方寫作」思潮進行對照，審視其寫作上的共鳴。This study focuses on the novels of writers born in the 1970s, employing theories from depth psychology and text analysis methods. Firstly, the introduction portrays the collective image of post-70s writers, highlighting their commonalities in writing and the challenges they face. Next, the study selects four representative authors from this cohort—Wu Ming-Yi, Gan Yao-Ming, Tong Wei-Ge, and Yi Ge-Yan—and provides an overview of their creative journeys and aesthetic characteristics. These authors initially began with writing about rural themes, infusing their urban imagination and feelings into the rural world, and integrating modernist themes of self-pursuit, loneliness, and alienation into their works. These psychological experiences are specifically manifested through the extensive use of dreams, myths, and archetypal imagery in their novels, representing the characters' mental worlds through individual and collective subconscious activities. Dreams reveal the deformation of the individual subconscious, serving functions such as satisfying desires, compensating for deficiencies, releasing dreams, exploring the self, and even mental control. Dreams are related to personal experiences and can also express collective human unconsciousness. From individual subconscious dreams to archetypal dreams, they play a compensatory role in personality development and provide problem-solving insights.Myths represent humanity's collective imagination and understanding of the world. Through retelling, reshaping, borrowing, or rewriting myths, authors achieve functions such as resisting oppression, healing the soul, and highlighting sacred times. Myths can sometimes represent falsehoods, as seen with technological or political myths that often prove to be fallacious and harm individual lives. This study examines myths and their values, exploring why people need myths and how modern society's loss of myths impacts individuals' mental states. Authors repeatedly write similar plots, themes, specific images, character portraits, and relationship patterns in different works. This repetition is not a sign of simple redundancy or creative exhaustion but rather a manifestation of psychological complexes that necessitate revisiting certain stories, characters, emotions, and instincts to achieve their writing goals. The formed archetypes represent the recurring expression of collective subconsciousness. This section summarizes these points, indicating that archetypal writing means writers continually return to unresolved issues, emotions, and complexes, reflecting the unconscious human psyche.Following the analysis of dreams, myths, and archetypes in the novels, the conclusion further contrasts post-70s writers with the"New Southern Writing" trend, examining their literary resonances.