臺灣旅外棒球球員生涯發展與規劃之研究

Abstract

本研究目的以生涯發展與規劃的角度，探討臺灣旅外棒球球員棒球生涯發展軌跡及未來生涯規劃。以文獻分析法、多重個案研究法與半結構深度訪談法，蒐集報章雜誌、網路媒體、論文、書籍等各方資料，並訪問十一位旅美、旅日棒球球員，瞭解臺灣旅外球員生涯發展背景，分析生涯發展與規劃因素。研究發現，一、臺灣旅外棒球球員，平均旅外發展4至5年，旅外年紀年輕化。二、影響旅外棒球球員生涯規劃因素：先內而外、外大於內。影響臺灣旅外棒球球員生涯發展與規畫之因素，可分為外部環境因素與內在個人因素；外部環境因素有七：（一）時代的變遷、社會氛圍的改變；（二）國外棒球環境較佳；（三）受到已旅外球員發展的激勵；（四）國內棒球環境發展不健全；（五）資訊流通、球探與經紀公司；（六）法規的改變；（七）美、日職棒登錄制度的演變。而內在個人因素分別是：（一）棒球技術成熟度與表現紀錄，（二）生涯發展的跳板，（三）對陌生環境的適應能力，（四）體能狀態的維持，（五）球員自身的人脈等社會資源，（六）球員的語言能力與態度，（七）球員的知名度。臺灣旅外棒球球員，起於內在個人因素，再由外部環境因素決定。具有高素質、天賦的球員，受到國內棒球環境不佳，與國外水準較高之職業球團提供機會，在一推一拉的作用之下，臺灣球員選擇旅外繼續個人棒球生涯發展。臺灣棒球球員旅外發展的決定性因素在於外部環境因素－國外薪資較優渥球隊願意機會，球員的素質、天賦則是基本條件。三、近期臺灣球員旅外機會多於早期臺灣球員。四、旅美是全技術能力的競爭、旅日是人為及技術的競爭。五、第二生涯規劃方面，個案在球員時期大多欠缺規劃；而有規劃者多以教練、技術指導員、教師為職志；也有個案離開球場後，把握機會、善用人脈，進而開創不同的生涯。

The purpose of this study is to discuss overseas Taiwanese baseball players’ career development and planning. There are total 11 participants in the documentary, multiple case studies and semi-structured interview study. I collected newspaper reports, web-media, theses, and records, with interview. First, the research was found that overseas Taiwanese baseball players go aboard in 4-5 years, and the age of players are getting younger.Second, the influence of baseball players’ career planning start from inner to external reason, and external reasons are important than inner reasons.The research conclusion divides external environmental and inner personal elements. External elements are: 1) With time goes by and the social environment changed. 2) The condition of overseas professional baseball industry is better. 3) Encourage of successful cases from overseas baseball players. 4) The development of Taiwanese baseball is lacked. 5) Information circulation, agency and scouts are different. 6) Educational statute changed. 7)US and Japan professional baseball players’ registration are changed. Inner personal elements are: 1)The mature of baseball skill and records of performance. 2) a method of living develop. 3)The abroad adaptability. 4) The physical condition and injury. 5) The source excluding baseball skill of players. 6)The attitude and ability of langrage learning. 7) Players’ Popularity. According to interviewing results and relevant documents of aboard Taiwanese baseball players, I found that Taiwanese baseball players going aboard cause of inner personal elements, and made of external environment elements. Talented players can’t tolerate in an immature environment of Taiwan, and it’s easy to be pushed to overseas high-level professional baseball team. It makes Taiwanese baseball players keep living aboard. The decisive element of Taiwanese baseball players going aboard is environment. Overseas high-level professional teams offer opportunities, players talent is basic condition. Third, Taiwanese baseball players get more opportunities than early- period players. Forth, going to United States are mostly to competitive of technique, and going to Japan are executive and technical competition. Fifth, in second career planning, most participants had no career planning when they were professional players. Furthermore, most players who had plans became a coach, an instructor, or a teacher. Moreover, participates left the field and took advantage of opportunities, use human resource well to explore personal career.