視覺障礙音樂工作者家庭支持之研究

Abstract

社會一直關注視覺障礙者在成功就業方面所面臨的挑戰以及職業選擇的有限性。音樂作為無障礙的藝術形式，為視覺障礙者提供了新的就業和發展機會。音樂才能發展受到多層次因素的影響，包括家庭、學校、社區和文化等，家庭支持對視覺障礙者在音樂領域發展有重要作用。本研究旨在探究家庭成員為視覺障礙音樂工作者提供的家庭支持之形式。藉由視覺障礙音樂工作者及其家庭成員的觀點，深入瞭解家庭支持對視覺障礙音樂工作者的實質影響。本研究採用質性研究法，邀請四位視覺障礙音樂工作者和其家庭成員進行深度訪談，經過資料收集、編碼、分析並檢核得到研究結論。視覺障礙音樂工作者在家庭中得到了多元的支持，其中包含信息性支持、工具性支持、情緒性支持和評價性支持。在信息性支持方面，家庭提供資源、建議和觀念的教導，強調理財和自身權益的重要性。工具性支持方面包括經濟支持、技能培養、樂器購買、協助洽談工作和交通支援等。情緒性支持包括提供自主性支持、同儕支持，以及給予鼓勵和理解。評價性支持對主要體現在對於視覺障礙音樂工作者在學習、工作和生活中的努力和表現給予正向的評價。家庭支持對於視覺障礙音樂工作者呈現多方面的影響。在信息性支持方面，父母的節省觀念減少了視覺障礙音樂工作者對物質的慾望，但過度強調節省觀念可能帶來負面影響。家人提供服裝建議有助於提升自信心和改變他人對自身的印象。工具性支持方面，經濟支持帶來安定感，但過度依賴經濟支持可能造成缺乏獨立性。家庭提供的學習協助和生活照顧有助於提升就業機會和琴藝水準。此外，父母過高的期待可能導致視覺障礙音樂工作者失去學習動機和自我。情緒性支持產生多樣影響，自主性支持提升視覺障礙音樂工作者的獨立性和學習音樂的動機，而父母過度的介入和阻礙可能影響其人際關係和音樂發展。家人的陪伴帶來安全感和積極影響，但也可能產生情感依附和情緒控制方面的挑戰。評價性支持方面，父母否定的態度導致負面心態，正面期望則提升自信心。基於本研究結果，對於視障者家庭和未來研究提出以下建議。對於視覺障礙音樂工作者的家庭而言，應提供視障家庭成員探索音樂的機會，同時以正向觀念釐清培養視障家庭成員音樂才能的目的。針對未來研究，有三方面的建議。首先，透過邀請父母以外的家庭成員，如手足和伴侶，以還原家庭的完整面貌。其次，應針對特定的視障程度、工作性質、年齡層和家庭背景等特質，深入探討不同視覺障礙音樂工作者的經歷。最後，深入探討視障者對於音樂工作的主觀體驗和看法，以提升社會對視覺障礙音樂工作者的理解和尊重。Society has been concerned about the challenges and limited career options faced by visually impaired individuals in achieving successful employment. As an inclusive art form, music provides new employment and development opportunities for visually impaired individuals. The development of musical talent is influenced by multi-level factors, including family, school, community, and culture. Family support plays a pivotal role in the musical development of visually impaired individuals. This qualitative study aims to investigate the forms of family support provided by family members to visually impaired musicians. Through the perspectives of visually impaired musicians and their family members, the study seeks to gain a profound understanding of the substantial impact of family support on visually impaired musicians. This study adopts a qualitative research methodology, inviting fourvisually impaired musicians and their family members to participate in in-depth interviews. Subsequently, data collection, coding, analysis, and verification, were conducted to derive the research conclusion.The visually impaired musicians receive various forms of support from their families, including the informational support, instrumental support, emotional support, and appraisal support. In terms of informational support, families provide resources, advice, and conceptual guidance, emphasizing the importance of financial management and self-advocacy. Instrumental support includes financial assistance, skills development, musical instrument acquisition, assistance in employment negotiation, andtransportation support, among other forms. Emotional support encompasses autonomy support, peer support, as well as encouragement and understanding. Appraisal support entails offering positive evaluations to acknowledge and affirm the efforts and performances of visually impaired musicians in their learning, work, and life endeavors.Family support has various impacts on visually impaired musicians. In terms of informational support, parents’ frugality reduces the material desires of visually impaired musicians, but an excessive frugality may result in negative consequences. Clothing suggestions from family members help boost confidence and alter others’ perceptions of visually impaired musicians. Regarding instrumental support, financial assistance brings sense of stability, but overreliance on financial support may leadto lack of independence. The learning assistance and daily care provided by family members contributes to improving employment opportunities and musical proficiency. Furthermore, excessively high expectations from parents may lead to a loss of motivation and self-esteem of visually impaired musicians. Emotional support has diverse effects, as autonomy support enhances independence and motivation for musical learning, while parents’ over-intervention and hindrance may affect interpersonal relationships and musical development. Family companionship provides sense of security and positive influence, but it may also pose challenges on emotional attachment and emotional control. In terms of appraisal support, parents’ negative attitudes lead to negative mindset, while positive expectations enhance self-confidence.Based on the result of this study, the following recommendations are proposed for families with visually impaired members and for future research. For families with visually impaired members, opportunities for exploring music should be provided to visually impaired family members, while fostering a positive attitude to clarify the purpose of nurturing musical talent in visually impaired family members. In terms of future research, three specific recommendations are proposed. Firstly, by inviting family members other than parents, such as siblings and partners, to participate in the study in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of family dynamics. Secondly, characteristics such as the degree of visual impairment, nature of employment, age group, and family background should be taken into consideration for an in-depth exploration of the experiences of different visually impaired musicians. Lastly, an in-depth exploration of the experiences and perspectives of visually impaired individuals regarding their involvement in music-related work, is able to enhance societal understanding and respect for visually impaired musicians.