悟與理學的動靜難題

Abstract

理學有些爭議性很強的議題，其中頗有些議題牽涉到冥契經驗帶來的難題，比如：一多、有無、善惡等等，這些議題稱為冥契悖論難題。本文認為理學史上時常出現的「理之動靜」爭議可說是冥契論中的動靜難題。本文舉周敦頤的「太極動而生陽」、「動而無動」之說，以及李退溪的「理發」、「理動」、「理到」之論為例，指出這些論點的依據可能是出自冥契經驗的悖論性格。朱子的「理」之性格可能不是存有而不活動，而是超乎動靜的純動，動靜悖論可能是理學動態世界觀的理論來源。

There are some highly controversial issues in Neo-Confucianism, and questions of mysticexperience often involves in some of the topics, such as identity vs. plurity, being vs. nonexistence,good vs. evil etc. We call these issues the paradox about mystic experience. The frequent issue ofmove and stillness in Neo-Confucianism could be regarded as the question of move and stillnessin mystic experience. For example, Zhou Dun-yi’s ideas of “Tai-ji’s motion bringing out Yang”and “moving but motionless” as well as Li Tui-xi’s conceptions of “disclosure of Li,” “motionof Li,” and “fulfillment of Li” are all possibly on the basis of the characteristic of the paradoxabout mystic experience. The characteristic of Zhu-Xi’s idea of “Li” could be authentic motionbeyond the conception of move and stillness, instead of being without action. As a result, theparadox of move and stillness could be viewed as the source of Neo-Confucianism’s comprehensionof the world based on motion.