1910年代臺灣銀行對中國廣東省放款之研究

Abstract

日治時期成立之臺灣銀行，為日本帝國在臺灣擔負了發行島內貨幣、低利貸款、為基礎建設提供資金等作用。除此之外，臺灣銀行設立初期亦擔負開拓南方中國、開拓南洋之使命。對臺灣銀行而言，海外開拓工作亦是十分重要的一環。本文以臺灣銀行西元1910年代對於南方中國的海外擴張為研究主題。藉由梳理台灣銀行與清國政府交涉的脈絡，以及對於廣東省水泥廠興建案的借款，說明臺灣銀行如何透過政治放款促進中日的外交關係。本文第一章為緒論，旨在說明研究緣起、問題意識、近代日中經濟史的研究、各章節所探討之問題。第二章〈日本與清國的借款與辛亥革命後的動向〉主要探討近代日本在中國的發展，以及梳理近代列強對中國的放款與定義，並探討臺灣銀行在中國的設立歷史，以及臺灣銀行於辛亥革命前對廣東省兩次共計160萬日圓之放款對臺灣銀行與廣東省的影響。第三章〈辛亥革命的爆發：圍繞政治與經濟的還款與主權承認問題〉則是討論辛亥革命爆發後，臺灣銀行與外務省的交涉過程，以及究竟應該由北京的清國政府，還是由南方的軍政府承擔還款事宜。隨著第一次世界大戰爆發，中華民國的中央政府旋即同意廣東省政府還款的構想。第四章〈廣東水泥廠的借款始末：日治時期臺灣銀行自身單筆最大之放款〉則討論中國在20世紀開啟民族工業後，因資金與技術的不足，必須透過外國之力方能獲得成功。臺灣銀行最初不願意放款，但是在日本國內政治走向對中親善，以及新任廣東支店長小笠原三九郎的個人意見之下，最終作出對中國大量放款的決定。此一決定亦造成日後款項無法回收的窘境。第五章為結論，旨在說明臺灣銀行對中國地方政府放款的歷史意義，以及中國地方政府在追求民族工業的同時，亦無法完全脫離外國資本的矛盾處境。

The Bank of Taiwan （臺灣銀行）, established during the Japanese colonial period, was pivotal in Taiwan for issuing local currency, providing low-interest loans, and funding infrastructure development. Furthermore, in its early stages, the Bank of Taiwan was tasked with expanding into the Southern China（華南）and the South Seas（南洋）. This paper focuses on the Bank of Taiwan’s expansion in the Southern China during the 1910s, detailing its negotiations with the Qing government and the loan for a cement factory in Guangdong Province, demonstrating how it promoted Sino-Japanese diplomatic relations through political lending.Chapter 1 serves as an introduction which aims to explain the origin of the study, problem awareness, the study of the economic history of modern Japan and China, and the issues explored in each chapter. Chapter 2,"Japan and Qing's Loans and the Post-1911 Revolution Developments," primarily explores Japan's development in China during modern times. It discusses the international loans to China and the Bank of Taiwan’s establishment in China, focusing on the impact of its 1.6 million Japanese Yen loans to Guangdong Province prior to the 1911 Revolution. Chapter 3, "The Outbreak of the 1911 Revolution: Surrounding Political and Economic Repayment and Sovereignty Recognition Issues," discusses the aftermathof the 1911 Revolution（辛亥革命）, including the Bank of Taiwan’s negotiations with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan（日本外務省） and the loan repayment responsibilities of the Qing government in Beijing and the southern military government. With the outbreak of World War I, the Chinese central government quickly agreed to the repayment plan proposed by the Guangdong provincial government.Chapter 4, "Loan to the Guangdong Cement Factory（廣東水泥廠）: The Largest Single Loan by the Bank of Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period," discusses the challenges faced by China in establishing a national industry in the 20th century, necessitating foreign support for success. Initially reluctant to lend, the Bank of Taiwan eventually decided to provide substantial loans to China influenced by Japan's friendly political stance towards China and the personal opinions of the new Guangdong branch manager, Ogasawara Sankurou（小笠原三九郎）. This decision led to difficulties in loan recovery later.Chapter 5 concludes by highlighting the historical significance of the Bank of Taiwan’s loans to local governments in China, focusing on the paradox faced by Chinese local governments in pursuing national industry while being dependent on foreign capital.