反諷言辭之翻譯：以《傲慢與偏見》的四個譯本為例

Abstract

本文旨在探討珍．奧斯汀小說《傲慢與偏見》的反諷語氣之分析與翻譯，並以台灣流傳較廣的四個譯本為例，探討反諷語氣在譯文中的表達效果。論文首先探討奧斯汀其人創作風格與所在社會背景，並以史柏布與威爾森的關聯理論為基礎，討論如何定義反諷語氣，反諷語氣在溝通中所扮演的角色又應如何解釋。文章並根據尤斯的語境啟動模型，分析小說中反諷詞氣之應用與標記訊號，分析四個譯本的翻譯效果。結論為上下文中諷刺訊號數量越多，語氣越明顯，譯本表達效果越好。以文本內容而言，對話反諷語氣的翻譯效果顯然優於作者論述。諸譯本之對話翻譯尚稱妥切，但處理訊息較密，上下文諷刺線索較少，口吻較隱晦之敘事語氣時，於譯本理解與譯文表現上均尚有可改進之處。

The purpose of this study is to examine verbal irony in Jane Austen’s work Pride and Prejudice and the effectiveness of verbal irony in different translations. This thesis begins by looking into the biography and social background of Austen, and then invokes the Relevance Theory developed by Sperber and Wilson to discuss the definition and utilization of verbal irony in communication. Then the study draws on Yus’ Model of Contextual Activation to analyze specific instances of verbal irony, and understand the various signals of activation in the context. The results are used as criteria to examine the effectiveness of four translations. The study concludes that the more contextual signals are activated, the better the understanding and performance of the translators. In terms of different types of text in the book, it is discovered that verbal irony in dialogues are more adequately translated, whereas verbal irony in author’s narration are often missed or misunderstood. It is advised that future translation of the work take further notice regarding the understanding and expression of verbal irony.