全球化影響下臺灣職棒的運動勞力遷徙

Abstract

本研究目的為分析全球化影響下，臺灣職棒運動勞力輸入及輸出的歷程及現況，並探討此現象對於臺灣職棒的衝擊，以及臺灣職棒的回應與未來因應措施。本研究使用文獻分析法及半結構式訪談法，進行資料的蒐集，訪談對象為中華職棒大聯盟秘書長、6位職棒球團領隊、中華棒協秘書長及資深業餘棒球教練。本研究之結論如下：創始期（1989-1996）：在在地利益的作用下，導致洋將輸入不斷增加，輸出的台灣選手回流；中日互不挖角協議及兵役制度限制當時的輸出。兩聯盟時期（1997-2002）：11支職棒球隊同時存在於臺灣職棒賽場上，因而放寬洋將制度，彌補球員的不足；中日互不挖角協議的中止及那魯灣經紀公司的成立，讓國內職棒和業餘好手開始輸出。合併後時期（2003-2007）：經濟因素、地理因素、短期合約無保障、職棒簽賭案及缺乏球探制度等因素，目前臺灣職棒已不是洋將最好的選擇；美國職棒大聯盟、日本職棒聯盟與媒體的拉力，業餘、政府、家長以及其他因素的臺灣棒球環境推力，讓此時期的業餘和職棒球員輸出大幅增加。全球職棒組織之間的權力關係，影響了運動勞力的流動方向，臺灣職業棒球組織本身的「經濟力量」和「制度」與全球其他職棒組織的差異，是造成臺灣職棒運動勞力遷徙的主因。臺灣職棒經營者知道要改變而不變，乃是因為聯盟權力的核心在「領隊會議」，而部分的經營者「不想變」導致聯盟「不能變」，造成目前臺灣職棒「以不變應萬變」的因應方式。The purpose of this research is to analyze the history and state of play of the sport labor migration of Taiwan professional baseball under the globalization effect. It also discusses the impact to CPBL, how it reacts to this effect and provides a way to deal with the change. The research methods include literature review and semi-structured interview. The respondents of the survey include the secretary-general and the chiefs of six professional teams of CPBL, the director-general of CTBA, and the baseball coach of NTSU. During 1989-1996, many foreign players came to Taiwan because of high benefits. On the other hand, the agreement of “Anti-mutual recruit” between CPBL and NPB and the limitation of military service in this period prohibited Taiwanese baseball players from playing abroad. During 1997-2002, 11 professional teams existed in Taiwan. The lack of players opened up the restriction on foreign players. In addition, Taiwanese players started to migrate due to the establishment of TML manage company and the termination of “Anti-mutual recruit” agreement. During 2003-2007, Taiwan is no longer the best place to the foreign players due to several factors such as economy, contract, geographical reasons, gamble and the lack of scout. The pull from MLB, NPB and media, and the push by amateur, householder, government and other factors greatly increases the output of Taiwanese players. “Economy” and “system” are the two major elements that differentiate MLB, NPB and CPBL, which in turn result in sports labor migration. Changes need to be made. However, nothing has happened yet. It is mainly due to the strategy that the “leader conference” of CPBL, the center of the league, takes it’s “stays the course”