試探劉向災異論著的轉變

Abstract

本文以《漢書•五行志》為線索，試圖追蹤劉向《洪範五行傳論》的著述歷程，進而發現：劉向早期受董仲舒影響，應當著有「災異之記」，沿襲《春秋》編年繫事的體例；至撰《洪範五行傳論》時，方改採「比類相從」的編輯原則。另外，為了證明洪範五行說的有效性，劉向必須替各類咎徵找到對應災異，因此針對董仲舒的舊說加以補充或離析，以期獲得更多種類的史例；而公羊災異說的內在矛盾，亦促使劉向轉而積極建構洪範五行說的理論體系。至於劉向災異說前後期的轉換、融匯，乃是取決於詮釋史例時新舊兩說的成份多寡；其取捨的標準，則端看個別史例中公羊災異說的合理性，以及洪範五行說缺項與歷代史例之間的相應性。

The research is based on Wuxing Zhi in the Book of Han and aims to trace the writing progress of the Theory of Hongfan Wuxing Zhuan in order to understand the transformation of thoughts of disasters. The researcher further noticed that Liu Xiang was influenced by Dong, Zhong-shu; when he wrote the Records of Disasters, he followed the chronicle styles of Chun Qiu; when he wrote this Theory of Hongfan Wuxing Zhuan, he took the editing principle of categorization. In addition, for proving the related effectiveness, he had to search for the evidence of various disasters. Consequently, he then gave supplements or divisions among the theory of Dong, Zhong-shu for acquiring more types of historical examples. The internal contradiction of Gong Yang’s theory also gave Liu Xiang chances to construct the theoretical system of Hongfan Wuxing. The transformation and integration, before and after his fundamental theories, are determined by explaining the old and new evidence of historical examples. The accepting and rejecting standards are based on the logic of Gong Yang’s theory in the individual cases as well as the correspondence between the missing parts of the theoretical system of Hongfan Wuxing and the historical examples.