普特合作：學習區工作盒對發展遲緩幼兒IEP目標學習成效之研究

Abstract

學前特殊需求學生以發展遲緩為主，並且大多安置於學前普通班，接受特教巡迴輔導服務。本研究目的為使巡輔師的服務時間以外，學生也能夠持續進行相關個別化教育計畫（IEP）目標練習，使用結構化工作盒以解決融合教育中落實IEP目標的困難。本研究採用單一受試跨行為多基線實驗研究法，選擇一位發展遲緩幼兒為研究對象，參考其相關IEP設定三個彼此獨立、難易度相當的工作盒目標，並加入研究對象的興趣設計工作盒，放置對應的學習區域，於班級每天都會進行的「學習區時間」操作，藉此探討發展遲緩幼兒於班級自然環境中操作工作盒的學習成效，並期許能進一步協助班級教師執行IEP目標。研究自變項為三個工作盒，依變項為工作盒介入後行為的改變，也就是目標達成百分率。研究結果發現，自變項工作盒的介入後，顯著提升了研究對象目標達成率也提升了練習的次數，亦有良好的維持效果及社會效度。雖然本研究並未直接針對IEP目標測量成效，然而普通班教師對於工作盒實施成效持正向態度，對於未來研究上，建議能具體針對巡迴輔導的普特合作再深入測量與探究；實務上則建議工作盒能有多層次設計，有利於全班混齡幼兒的差異化學習，並以漸進的方式，和班級教師合作。Preschoolers with special needs are often identified as developmentally delayed and are placed in general classes with special education itinerant services in Taiwan. With a view to solving the difficulties in implementing the objectives of individualized education program (IEP) in inclusive education, the purpose of this study is to use a structured task boxes that enables students to continue practicing relevant Individualized Education Program (IEP) objectives in addition to the support services of itinerant teachers. This study used a single case multiple baseline design across behaviors. A participant with developmental delay was chosen to be engaged with three task boxes, each boxes were referred to its IEP and set three independent goals of equal difficulty. The researcher placed the structured work boxes in the corresponding learning area, and asked the subject to operate them during the"learning area time" every day. In this way, the learning effect of children with developmental delay in operating the task boxes in the natural environment will be explored, and the instructor will be assisted in implementing the IEP objectives. The independent variable was the three task boxes, and the dependent variables were the behavior modification after the intervention of the three task boxes, which means the percentage of completion steps. The results showed that the intervention of thevariable task boxes significantly increased the target achievement rate and promoted the number of trials of the participants, and even had good maintenance effects and social validity. Although this study did not directly measure the effectiveness of the IEP objectives, instructor has a positive attitude towards the effectiveness of the task box implementation. For further studies, more in-depth research should be conducted on the collaboration between the itinerant teachers and the general education teachers. In practice, it is recommended to have a multi-level design work boxes, and cooperate with class teachers in a progressive manner, which will be beneficial to the differentiated learning of mixed-aged class children.