曾公田求編鐘銘文考釋及格式問題研究

Abstract

本文主要對2019 年出土的曾公田求鐘進行銘文考釋及格式研究，相關研究成果有三：首先，在前賢學者的研究基礎上對部分銘文進行新釋讀，包括對「呼【命尹】厥命皇且（祖），建于南土」重新斷句，對「斦（鎮）應京」、「余無謗（傍）受」、「隶（肆）余行辝卹」、「（ 徹）我土疆」等銘文提出新的訓詁，也對如「小心有德」、「遹褱多福」、「有慶有成」、「終龢且鳴」、「永命」等銘辭的流行時期及情況做了細緻爬梳。其次，通過對詞彙運用與主題選材分析，認為曾公田求鐘銘文刻意使用「昔在」、「王客我于康宮」、「呼【命尹】厥命皇且（祖）」或是「永命」等西周用語，並以大量篇幅追述曾國光榮的歷史，說明曾公田求鐘銘文不是單純承襲西周銘文，而是有意的模仿。其三，將曾公田求鐘銘文放入春秋銘文的寫作脈絡，比較時代接近的晉公𥂴、秦公鐘及秦公鎛銘文，發現其敘述口吻或寫作格式更接近時代稍早的晉公𥂴，推測此類寫作格式在春秋早期至中期可能普遍出現過。最後，再將曾公田求鐘銘文放入曾國銘文脈絡，比較同時期的羋加編鐘及稍晚的曾侯月與攴鐘，發現其他兩篇銘文的寫作結構與敘述方式更能反映當時春秋流行風尚。由此推知，曾公田求鐘銘文的用字遣詞、寫作格式或敘述口吻存在古典傾向，除了印證作器者的擬古意圖，也為春秋銘文的編寫及表現方式帶來新的思考。

This research is to analyze the inscription and text structure of Zeng Gongqiu's(曾公田求) bronze bell, The research results are as follows: First, based on previous research, interpretations of the inscriptions have been proposed, including the "Hu [Ming Yin] Jue Ming Huang Ji, built in the southern soil", "Chen Ying Jing She", "Yu Wu Xian Accept", "Li "Yu Xing", "Through My Territory", and also have inscriptions on "Be careful and virtuous", "You are more blessed", "Celebrate and be successful", "End harmony and Ming", "Eternal life" and other inscriptions popularity and development are explained. Second, analyze the vocabulary usage and themes of the inscriptions, and notice that the inscriptions deliberately use "Xi Zai(昔在)", "Wang Ke Wo Yu Kang Gong(王客我于康宮)", "Call [Ming Yin] Jue Ming Huang Qi (呼【命尹】厥命皇祖)" or "Yong Ming(永命)" etc. The terms of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The inscription uses a lot of space to describe the glorious history of Zeng Guo, which shows that it is not an inheritance of the previous tradition, but a deliberate imitation. Third, the inscriptions of Jin Gong𥂴(晉公𥂴), Qin Gong Zhong(秦公鐘)and Qin Gong 鎛(秦公鎛), which are close to the times, found that the narrative tone or writing format of the inscriptions is very similar to that of Jin Gong𥂴(晉公𥂴). It is possible that this text form has appeared in the early to mid Spring and Autumn Period. Finally, compare the Mijia(嬭加) bronze bell from the same period and the later Zenghou yu(曾侯月與攴) bronze bell, and find that the other two inscriptions are more like the Spring and Autumn Period. Therefore, we believe that the wording, writing format, or narration of Zeng Gongqiu's(曾公田求) inscriptions are relatively classical. In addition to proving that the author wants to learn classical, it also brings new thinking to the writing and expression of the Spring and Autumn Inscriptions.