威權領導對高中女子壘球選手運動倦怠之預測：以心理資本為中介變項

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討高中女子壘球選手知覺的教練威權領導 (專權領導與尚嚴領導) 對運動倦怠的預測，並分析心理資本 (如自我效能、樂觀、希望、復原力) 對其中介效果。方法：以參加112學年度高中女子壘球聯賽九支隊伍之選手為研究對象，施測前說明研究目的並徵得同意後，共發放152份問卷，剃除無效問卷後有效問卷為150份，回收率為98.6%。所得資料以描述性統計、獨立樣本變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析以及多元線性迴歸分析進行分析。結果：(一) 心理資本與運動倦怠在年齡 (F(2) = .23、F(2) = 2.39，p> .05) 及技術水準 (t =-.04、 t = -.44, p > .05) 皆無達到顯著差異；(二) 尚嚴領導可負向預測運動倦怠 (β = -.43，p < .001) 並正向預測心理資本 (β = .56，p < .001)，相反地，專權領導可正向預測運動倦怠 (β = 0.32，p < .001)，但對心理資本則無法預測 (β = -.07，p = .28)；(三) 心理資本能完全中介尚嚴領導與運動倦怠，不過，心理資本僅能部分中介專權領導與運動倦怠。結論：(一) 心理資本與運動倦怠均無年齡與技術水準差異情形；(二) 專權與尚嚴領導皆能影響運動倦怠，即高中女子壘球選手知覺教練塑造愈多的尚嚴領導氛圍時運動倦怠愈低，反之亦然；(三) 威權領導皆能透過心理資本影響運動倦怠。Purpose: the purpose of this study was to investigate predictive utility of perceived authoritarian leadership (Juan-Chiuan and Shang-Yan) on sport burnout among female high school softball athletes, and to examine the mediating effect of psychological capital (self-efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience). Methods: Participants were female softball players from nine teams in the 112th academic year High School Girls’ Softball League in Taiwan. Informed consent was obtained following a briefing on the study’s purpose. A total of 152 questionnaires were distributed, and 150 valid responses were retained after excluding invalid entries, yielding a response rate of 98.6%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in psychological capital or sports burnout in terms of age (F(2) = .23、F(2) = 2.39，p> .05) and skill level (t =-.04、 t = -.44, p > .05); (2) Shang-Yan leadership negatively predicted sports burnout (β = -.43，p < .001) and positively predicted psychological capital (β = .56，p < .001). Conversely, Juan-Chiuan leadership positively predicted sports burnout (β = -.07，p = .28). (3) Psychological capital fully mediated the relationship between Shang-Yan leadership and sport burnout, however, partially mediated the relationship between Juan-Chiuan leadership and sport burnout. Conclusion: (1) There were no difference in psychological capital and sports burnout between age and skill level. (2) Both dominant-focused and discipline-focused authoritarian leadership can affect sports burnout, that is, the more discipline-focused authoritarian leadership atmosphere the high school female softball players perceive their coaches to create, the lower their sports burnout is, and vice versa. (3) Authoritarian leaders can influence sports burnout through psychological capital.