《孫子兵法》英譯本翻譯策略之比較及軍事參考價值之初探

Abstract

國軍與美軍之間的交流因全球局勢的變化而日趨頻繁。儘管國軍長官慣於引用《孫子兵法》作為戰略思想基礎，然而國軍卻尚未重視到《孫子兵法》英譯文之價值，導致傳譯人員時常以品質參差不齊的譯文進行翻譯，不僅無法準確地傳達國軍觀點，也可能扭曲長官原意，影響與美方的溝通效益。據此，本研究旨在透由紐馬克的文本類型與溝通翻譯理論、弗米爾的目的論，以及諾德的功能加忠誠原則，比較與分析格里菲斯所著之《孫子兵法》英譯本、哈里斯之《孫子兵法》英譯本，以及羅順德/鄭麐所撰之《孫子兵法》英譯本，俾利探究何者之譯文最具備國軍於軍事交流中的使用價值。為達到此宗旨，本研究不僅透過13位國軍上校長官，以問卷方式協助彙整出「國軍長官最常引用之《孫子兵法》詞句」，以聚焦本研究目的，更運用紐馬克之翻譯手法，分別針對翻譯策略、詮釋顯著差異之譯文，以及文化詞彙進行研析，以評估各譯者間譯文的差異對軍事價值之影響。本研究發現，就翻譯策略而言，格氏與哈氏之翻譯風格傾向直譯，而羅/鄭氏則傾向意譯；然依譯文的詮釋而論，格氏係三譯者中與國軍思想脈絡最相近者；而若以文化詞彙角度而視，羅/鄭氏的功能性對等譯法，則最能達到溝通效果，係最適合國軍於軍事交流中使用之翻譯手法。

Military exchanges between Taiwan and the U.S. have become increasingly frequent due to changing global dynamics. Although Taiwan's senior military officers are accustomed to quoting from Sun Tzu’s The Art of War as the foundation for strategic thinking, the armed forces lack emphasis on English translations of this work. This often results in interpreters and translators using debatable translations, failing to accurately convey the military's viewpoints and potentially distorting the commanders' original intentions, hampering effective communication with the U.S. side. To address this issue, this study aims to comparatively analyze the English translations of The Art of War by Griffith, Harris, and Luo/Zheng through the lens of Newmark's text type and communicative translation theories, Vermeer's skopos theory, and Nord's “function plus loyalty” principle. The goal is to explore which translation best serves the needs of Taiwan's military for strategic communication. Toward this end, the study first compiled a list of phrases from The Art of War most frequently quoted by senior Taiwanese military officers through a questionnaire completed by 13 colonels. Thereafter, applying Newmark's translation methods, differences in translation strategies, interpretive divergences, and culture-specific items rendering were analyzed in order to assess how translational variations impact military utility. The findings reveal that while Griffith and Harris favor literal translation approaches, Luo/Zheng tend toward free translation. In terms of interpretive consistency with military thinking, Griffith's work aligns most closely. However, from a cultural perspective, Luo/Zheng's use of functional equivalence best achieves communicative effect, making it the most suitable for military exchanges.