現代五項運動選手壓力來源及因應策略之研究

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探究現代五項運動選手之壓力來源及其因應策略。方法：研究中採用質性研究手段，以6位現代五項選手為收案對象，徵得同意並填寫同意書後進行訪談。以壓力歷程及因應策略相關文獻為立論基礎，制定半結構式訪談大綱，並由兩位專家審視訪談大綱內容，以求工具之有效性。研究訪談所得資料轉錄為逐字稿，彙整後再與訪談對象進行確認，以求內容真實性，最後根據研究主題進行編碼、有系統歸納出本研究之結果。結果：(一) 現代五項選手在賽前呈現緊張及興奮的心理的狀態，其高度的自我期望和賽事重要性為賽前的壓力來源，而比賽中常因害怕失敗、前一比賽項目表現的優劣、突發狀況、渥獎金以及重要他人的期許為其賽中壓力來源；(二) 在賽前常以目標設定及放鬆調適緊張感，而在比賽中則以自我對話、覺醒水準調整、注意力轉換、意象以及重要他人的鼓勵作為害怕失敗、前項表現好壞及突發狀況之因應策略。結論：現代五項運動員在賽前和賽中皆有不同壓力源，亦對應其壓力源採用適當的因應策略。Purpose: This study aims to explore the stress sources and coping strategies of modern pentathlon athletes. Methods: Qualitative research methods were used in the study, and six modern pentathlon athletes were selected as the subjects. Interviews were conducted after obtaining consent and filling in the consent form. Based on the literature on stress processes and coping strategies, a semi-structured interview outline was developed, and two experts reviewed the content of the interview outline to ensure the validity of the tool. The data obtained from the research interviews were transcribed into verbatim drafts, which were compiled and then confirmed with the interviewees to ensure the authenticity of the content. Finally, coding was carried out according to the research theme and the results of this study were systematically summarized. Results: (a) modern pentathlon athletes are in a state of nervousness and excitement before the game. Their high self-expectations and the importance of the game are sources of stress before the game. In competitions, fear of failure, performance in the previous event, unexpected situations, huge prize money, and the expectations of important others are often sources of stress. (b) Always use goal setting and relaxation to adjust for tension before a game. In competitions, self-talk, arousal level adjustment, attention switching, imagery, and encouragement from important others are used as coping strategies for fear of failure, previous performance, and unexpected situations. Conclusion: Modern pentathlon athletes have different stress sources before and during the competition, and they also adopt appropriate coping strategies according to their stress sources.