鸞堂與地方社會：以南臺灣美濃廣善堂為例
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2021
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本文以 1918 年，美濃地區的首間鸞堂——廣善堂為探討個案，經由梳理該 堂的創設背景、信徒結構與社會功能，試圖考察鸞堂信仰從日治到戰後，在美濃 地方社會扮演的角色。廣善堂主要透過與北部地區著名鸞生楊福來，還有地方多位仕紳的交流，將來自新竹九芎林地區的鸞法，在 1910 至 1920 年代，傳播至美濃甚至六堆其他客 家聚落。其影響力在日治時期達到高峰，進入戰後則逐漸步入衰退。而根據堂內留下來的鸞書，分析組織的信徒結構，以此區分堂務、鸞務以及祭祀，這三種不同性質的事務運作。發現在堂內各時期的職務分工上，有著年齡 以及性別的差異;信徒血親的傳承以及地緣關係，是香火延續至今的關鍵。尤其，女性信徒的參與，更是不可忽視的重點。最後，隨著廣善堂信徒至少三代的經營，憑藉著鸞堂信仰提供的社會功能: 醫療、祭祀、文教以及慈善救助，扎根於地方社會。如今廣善堂不只是大家尋求 宗教慰藉的場所，在這百年的發展中，早已成為美濃敬惜字紙的文化象徵，甚至 地方歷史的詮釋者。
This thesis is a case study of the Guangshan Tang 廣善堂, a phoenix hall (鸞堂) founded in 1918 in Meinong 美濃 (southern Taiwan). Its goal is to examine the role of phoenix hall beliefs and practices in Meinong local society, as well as the Liudui 六 堆 Hakka region, by exploring the Guangshan Tang’s founding, worshipper structure, and social functions.Based on exchanges with Yang Fulai 楊 福 來 , a renowned ritualist from Jiuqionglin 九芎林 in Xinzhu 新竹 (northern Taiwan), as well as interactions with some local gentry, the Guangshan Tang proved able to expand throughout Meinong and other Hakka settlements in Liudui, reaching its peak of influence during the 1910s and 1920s of the Japanese colonial era.Morality books preserved in this phoenix hall reveal that the structure of the Guangshan Tang’s worshippers consisted of three different groups: those who engaged in administrative affairs, those who practiced spirit-writing, and those who took part in other ritual activities. In addition, differences in the division of duties at the Guangshan Tang has been marked by variations in worshipper age and gender, while family ties and local relationships have proven key to the continuity of its activities. In particular, the participation of female worshippers is an important point that should not be overlooked.Finally, with at least three generations of worshippers, the Guangshan Tang has taken root in Meinong local society through the social functions provided by its beliefs and practices, including healing, ritual activities, cultural and educational pursuits, and charitable relief. Today, the Guangshan Tang is not only a place for people to seek religious solace but has also become a cultural symbol of Meinong’s respect for the written word, and even a means of interpreting local history during the past century.
This thesis is a case study of the Guangshan Tang 廣善堂, a phoenix hall (鸞堂) founded in 1918 in Meinong 美濃 (southern Taiwan). Its goal is to examine the role of phoenix hall beliefs and practices in Meinong local society, as well as the Liudui 六 堆 Hakka region, by exploring the Guangshan Tang’s founding, worshipper structure, and social functions.Based on exchanges with Yang Fulai 楊 福 來 , a renowned ritualist from Jiuqionglin 九芎林 in Xinzhu 新竹 (northern Taiwan), as well as interactions with some local gentry, the Guangshan Tang proved able to expand throughout Meinong and other Hakka settlements in Liudui, reaching its peak of influence during the 1910s and 1920s of the Japanese colonial era.Morality books preserved in this phoenix hall reveal that the structure of the Guangshan Tang’s worshippers consisted of three different groups: those who engaged in administrative affairs, those who practiced spirit-writing, and those who took part in other ritual activities. In addition, differences in the division of duties at the Guangshan Tang has been marked by variations in worshipper age and gender, while family ties and local relationships have proven key to the continuity of its activities. In particular, the participation of female worshippers is an important point that should not be overlooked.Finally, with at least three generations of worshippers, the Guangshan Tang has taken root in Meinong local society through the social functions provided by its beliefs and practices, including healing, ritual activities, cultural and educational pursuits, and charitable relief. Today, the Guangshan Tang is not only a place for people to seek religious solace but has also become a cultural symbol of Meinong’s respect for the written word, and even a means of interpreting local history during the past century.
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廣善堂, 鸞堂, 地方社會, 六堆, 客家, 美濃, 女性, Guangshan Tang, phoenix halls, local society, Liudui, Hakka, Meinong, women