從機構隔離至在地門診治療－以澎湖地區癩病防治為例(1930-1990)

Abstract

在臺灣近代史上，澎湖島以「癩病」流行地為官方所注意。日本治臺時期，當殖民政府展開癩病調查之後，澎湖島癩病流行問題，隨即為官方所注意。1930年，臺灣總督府設置癩療養所樂生院，展開癩病隔離管控；至1945年為止，樂生院收容隔離患者的來源，澎湖廳患者人數比例居於高位。1945年二次大戰之後，伴隨癩病政策轉型的展開，澎湖地方癩病管控開始有所轉變。1950年代美援衛生計畫展開之後，教會組織臺灣痲瘋救濟協會的美籍醫師厚士瑞（Dr. Richard Hofstra）及護士白寶珠（Miss Marjorie Bly）前往澎湖，展開一項地方門診醫療的試驗性計畫，隨即創設地方門診治療所－馬公特別皮膚科診療所。自此，馬公特別皮膚科診所不僅是教會醫療在澎湖的典範，也是戰後臺灣漢生病政策轉型的範例。

In the modern history of Taiwan, Penghu Island was officially noticed by the problem of leprosy endemic. When the colonial government launched leprosy investigations in colonial Taiwan, then pay attention to leprosy endemic in Penghu Island. In 1930, the colonial government founded Lo-sheng Leprosarium, to implement leprosy control measures. Until 1945, the isolated inpatients in Lo-sheng Leprosarium were in high proportion from Penghu Island. Since post World War II, with the transformation of leprosy policy, institutional isolation of Penghu patients began to change. Since the 1950s, when USAID health programs launched, American physicians Dr. Richard Hofstra and Miss Marjorie Bly went to Penghu Island, to practice a local medical clinic program. And they then created a local outpatient clinic –Ma-gong special dermatology clinic. Since then, this clinic is not only a missionary medical model in Penghu, but also a paradigm of policy transformation of Hansen disease in post-World War II Taiwan.