優秀男子110公尺跨欄選手欄間跑速度節奏分析

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討優秀男子110公尺跨欄選手欄間跑速度節奏分析與跨欄運動表現之關係，研究將110公尺跨欄技術流程分為五個階段：起跑至第一欄(加速跑階段)、第一欄至第四欄(相對技術穩定階段)、第四欄至第七欄(最高速度階段)、第七欄至第十欄(最高速度維持階段)、第十欄至終點(終點跑階段)，分別探討(一)終點成績與起跑反應時間、平均過欄時間、平均欄間跑時間、平均欄間跑加速度之關係；(二)五段欄間跑與時間終點成績、平均欄間時間之關係；(三)五段欄間加速度與終點成績之關係；(四)加速跑階段及相對技術穩定階段過欄時間與欄間加速度之關係；(五)終點成績與年齡、身高、體重之關係。方法：透過影片分析，藉由2023年亞洲運動會、2023年亞洲田徑錦標賽及2023年世界田徑錦標賽男子110公尺跨欄優秀前八名選手為研究對象，截取轉播比賽影片，取得研究參數之數據，以皮爾森積差相關進行統計分析。結果：(一) 終點成績與平均欄間跑時間呈高顯著性相關；(二)終點成績與平均欄間跑加速度時間呈高度負相關；(三)平均欄間跑時間和終點成績與相對技術穩定階段、最高速度階段、最高速度維持階段呈高顯著性相關(四)終點成績與加速跑階段及相對技術穩定階段加速度呈中度負相關。結論：(一)影響跨欄運動表現主要因素是平均欄間跑時間及平均欄間跑加速度；(二)影響平均欄間跑時間關鍵因素為：相對技術穩定階段、最高速度階段及最高速度維持階段；(三)影響平均欄間跑加速度關鍵因素是加速跑階段加速度能力及相對技術穩定階段加速度能力；(四)男、女跨欄選手在年齡與運動表現呈現不同趨勢，顯示男子跨欄選手於各年齡層人人皆具競爭機會的趨勢。Introduction: This study aims to examine the relationship between inter-hurdle velocity, rhythm and the performance of 110-meter hurdles (110mH) elite male athletes. The technique of 110mH was divided into five phases: (1) Acceleration Phase (between start line and 1st hurdle), (2) Technical Stabilization Phase (between 1st and 4th hurdle), (3) Maximum Velocity Phase (between 4th and 7th hurdle), (4) Velocity Maintenance Phase (between 7th and 10th hurdle) , and (5) Finishing Phase (between 10th hurdle and the finish line). Which were discussed in: (1) the correlations between the finishing time and the reaction time, average hurdle clearance time, average split times and average inter-hurdle acceleration; (2) the relationships between the split times of different phases, 110mH finishing time and the average split times; (3) the relationship between inter-hurdle acceleration of each phase and finishing time. (4) the relationship between hurdle clearance time and inter-hurdle acceleration during the acceleration phase and the relative technical stabilization phase. (5) The relationship between age, height, weight, and finishing time.Methods: Data collected by the video analysis of 110mH top eight male athletes in Asian Games 2023, Asian Athletics Championships 2023, and World Athletics Championships 2023, which were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: (1) high significant correlation between the finishing time and the average split times; (2) high significant negative correlation between finishing time and average inter-hurdle acceleration (3) high significant correlation between average split times and TechnicalStabilization Phase, Maximum Velocity Phase, Velocity Maintenance Phase; (4) The finishing time showed a moderate negative correlation with inter-hurdle acceleration in both the Acceleration Phase and the Technical Stabilization Phase. Conclusion: (1) The average split times and average inter-hurdle acceleration are the primary factors influencing hurdle performance. (2) Inter-hurdle running performance during the relative technical stability phase, maximum velocity phase, and velocity maintenance phase, are critical determinants affecting both the average inter-hurdle running time. (3) Key factors influencing average inter-hurdle acceleration were the acceleration capacities during the Acceleration Phase and the Technical Stabilization Phase (4) Male and female hurdlers show different trends between age and performance, indicating that male hurdlers across all age groups have competitive potential.