宜蘭地區視覺障礙者就業現況之研究

Abstract

視覺障礙者在就業上之不易，是一個令人想要仔細探討了解的問題，在宜蘭地區最常看到的視覺障礙工作者包括按摩工作、街頭表演工作……等。本研究主要是在瞭解宜蘭地區視覺障礙者目前就業現況之調查研究。並探討視障者的個人生活背景變項和就業現況之間的關係。研究者以自編的「宜蘭地區視覺障礙者基本資料調查表」及「宜蘭地區視覺障礙者就業現況問卷調查表」，進行宜蘭地區所有視覺障礙者的電話訪問與作所及機構實地訪問，做為資料的蒐集與分析。 研究樣本以衛生福利部統計表中宜蘭地區視覺障礙者人數做叢集隨機抽樣，根據衛生福利部統計2019年宜蘭地區視覺障者有1,527人，男性743人、女性784人(衛生福利部統計表)，本研究將由宜蘭縣視障協會會員名單中叢集隨機抽樣自宜蘭地區20-60歲的視覺障礙者200人做為研究對象。扣除資料錯誤的64人，計有136人接受調查，得到68%的回答率，剔除填答錯誤問卷，有效問卷共126份。研究方法則是以問卷調查法來進行資料的蒐集，於google表單數據與問卷全數回收後先以人工方式檢查資料內容，剔除填答不完全與無效問卷，再進行資料處理與分析。

本研究之研究結果如下： 一、 從調查數據顯示宜蘭地區視覺障礙者就業與未就業差別之重要因 素，就兩個部份達顯著，分別是年齡與過去曾就學學校的類別，從中可得知宜蘭地區視覺障礙者就業年齡的分布及過去學校教育影響，但其他未達顯著的差異的部分，並非全無相關性，除了問卷調查統計敘述之外，於訪談中亦得知宜蘭地區就業與未就業的兩大困境是:第一、除了按摩工作之外其餘工作機會少，第二、交通不便也是一個重要問題。

二、 根據結果分析造成視覺障礙者目前就業現況不良的因素實在太 多了。從本研究調查數據顯示視覺障礙者所面臨之困境與就業之期望，面臨的困境的部分還需多方的擬訂計畫與推行方能有所改善，而期望部分很多的研究對象所期望的大多是希望能由政府給予相關補助或是編列相關補助預算，但是從長遠看來這是治標不治本的方法。 本研究最後歸納之研究結果，期能對宜蘭地區視覺障礙者之就業服務、各相關事業單位、及未來研究之建議有所助益。

Abstract

It is not easy for the visually impaired to obtain employment. Therefore, it is a problem that people want to study and understand. The most common job which visually impaired workers do in Yilan include massage, street performance...etc. This research mainly investigate the current employment situation of the visually impaired in Yilan area, and explore the relationship between the visually impaired people's personal background and employment status. The researcher used the self-compiled "Questionnaire on Basic Information of the Visually Impaired in Yilan Area" and "Questionnaire on Employment Status of the Visually Impaired in Yilan Area" to conduct telephone interviews and on-site visits to institutions in Yilan. For data collection and analysis, the sample of the study was randomly selected based on the number of visually impaired people in Yilan in the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, there were 1,527 visually impaired people in Yilan in 2019, including 743 men and 784 women (Statistical table of the Ministry of Health and Welfare). In this study, 200 visually impaired people aged 20-60 in Yilan County were randomly selected from the list of members of the Yilan County Association for the Visually Impaired. Excluding 64 people with incorrect information, 136 people were surveyed which got a 68% response rate. Excluding some wrong questionnaires, there were 126 valid questionnaires. The research method is based on the questionnaire survey method to collect data. After all the Google form data and questionnaires are collected, the data content is manually checked, and incomplete and invalid questionnaires are eliminated, and then data processing and analysis are performed.

The results of this study are as follows: 1. According to the data collected through the survey, two important factors, which are age and the type of school they have attended in the past, reach the significant level in terms of the difference between employment and non-employment of the visually impaired in Yilan. The result presents the employment age of the visually impaired and the distribution and influence of past school education in Yilan area. However, other parts that have not reached significant differences may no be completely unrelated. In addition to the statistical description of the questionnaire, the two major dilemmas of employment and non-employment in Yilan were also learned from the interview: First, there are few job opportunities other than massage work. Second, traffic inconvenience is also an important problem. 2. According to the analysis of the results, there are too many factors that cause the current employment status of the visually impaired. The survey of this research shows that the dilemma faced by the visually impaired and the expectation of employment require multiple plans and implementations to improve. It is expected that the government can provide relevant subsidies or compile relevant subsidy budgets, but in the long run, this is a temporary solution rather than a permanent cure. The findings of this research are expected to be helpful to the employment services of the visually impaired in Yilan area or relevant institutions, and provide some suggestions for future research.