台灣銀行業：追隨領先者的創新還是領先追隨者的創新

Abstract

近年為了因應全球經濟與金融科技的發展迅速，台灣的政府機關除了不斷推動金融業各項數位轉型的政策，亦鼓勵業者加強各項基礎建設與提升各項創新的金融服務與專利。新穎的想法固然可以創造出一個新的局勢讓銀行立於不敗之地，但創新是否一定能在競爭力或營運績效上獲得加分效果？ 本研究將臺灣各家銀行2013年至2020年的財務與金融專利資料依資產規模與淨收益以K-means分群法分成領先、追趕及落後三個分群，再分別以PR檢定法分析市場競爭度與運用資料包絡法分析不同分群裡銀行的經營績效。

研究結果可得知規模領先者分群裡的市場競爭度是最為激烈的，其中泛公股銀行對於營收的效率比較低下，反之民營銀行營收效率都比較亮眼。追趕者分群是經營效率變化最為明顯的一群，但市場區隔性亦相對最不明顯，所以追趕者分群裡的銀行若要迎頭趕上領先者分群最需要做中長期營運目標與計劃。規模落後者分群的銀行在數據上顯示需要強化營收的相對效率，而且金融創新在該競爭市場分群裡應該要個別化的操作，若能夠在健全發展的金融專利保護之下，尚有可能獲得短暫的壟斷性市場。長期而言仍無法和領先分群的銀行相抗衡。研究結果亦觀察到手續費收入在各分群裡皆屬於營收相對效率有缺口的部份，短期內將會是銀行業者的兵家必爭之地。In response to the rapid development of the global economy and financial technology in recent years, in addition to continuously promoting policies for digital transformation of the financial industry, Taiwan's government agencies also encourage industry players to strengthen various infrastructures and upgrade various innovative financial services and patents. Fresh ideas can certainly create a new situation where banks can be invincible, but does innovation necessarily lead to extra points in competitiveness or operational performance?

In this study, the financial and financial patent data of various banks in Taiwan from 2013 to 2020 were divided into three groups: leading, chasing, and lagging by K-means grouping method according to asset size and income , and then using PR test method to analyze market competition and application data. The envelope method analyzes the operating performance of banks in different groups.The research results show that the market competition among the scale leaders is the most intense. Among them, pan-public banks are relatively inefficient in terms of revenue, while private banks are more efficient in terms of revenue. The chaser group is the group with the most obvious changes in operating efficiency, but the market segmentation is also the least obvious. Therefore, if the banks in the chaser group want to catch up with the leader group, they most need to make medium and long-term business goals and plans. The data shows that the banks in the laggard group need to strengthen the relative efficiency of revenue, and financial innovation should be individualized in this competitive market group. A short-lived monopoly market. In the long run, it is still unable to compete with the leading group of banks. The research results also observed that the fee income in each group belongs to the part with a gap in the relative efficiency of revenue, which will be a battleground for the banking industry in the short term.