《論語》「文桓譎正」諸說彙解 ──以漢迄唐宋為考察核心

Abstract

《論語‧憲問》「譎」、「正」之說，歷來所釋，各有不同。為一觀究竟，本文乃援漢迄唐宋諸說為例，探其詮釋趨向之異同。綜觀諸家所論，其要有六：或以「禮義」為說，如馬融、鄭玄；或藉「隱闕」示意，如杜預；或援「行權」鑄論，如顏師古、蘇軾、曾丰；或依「事功」述旨，如程頤；或本「存心」立義，如朱熹；或據「筆法」申論，如黃檗山。諸說之間，雖見仁見智，難有定論；然此迥異之說解，亦提供不同之觀照角度，從而豐富孔子立說之義蘊。

There are many different interpretations of “crafty” and “upright” on the Confucian Analects. In order to understand it, this article focusing on the Works of the Han until the Tang and Song, explaining the differences interpretations. Looking at the argument of ancient scholars, there are six main types. Some explained by“righteous” such as Ma Rong, Zheng Xuan, some by “hiding” such as Du Yu, some by “expedience” such as Yan Shigu, Su Shi, Zeng Feng, some by “merit” such as Cheng Yi, some by “benevolence” such as Zhu Xi, and some by “Bi Fa”筆法, such as Huang Bo Shan. Although the various statements are different, they have provided different perspectives, and therefore enriched the implication of Confucius.