以動態生活生態模式探討鄰里環境、運動健康信念、身體活動與健康狀態

Abstract

動態生活型態在健康促進與預防疾病上扮演重要的角色，本研究目的在於透過動態生活生態模式，探討臺灣地區鄰里環境、運動健康信念、身體活動與健康狀態之關係。研究方法在資料收集上使用政府開放資料與問卷調查，研究對象以配額抽樣臺灣地區18歲以上無身心障礙之居民，整體回收有效問卷為1228份，問卷內容包含身體活動鄰里環境、運動空間可近性、運動健康信念、國際身體活動量表、SF-12健康量表與人口背景資料，以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、卡方檢定、典型相關分析、羅吉斯迴歸分析以及偏最小平方法路徑分析。研究結果發現高政策環境居民其鄰里環境可行走性、交通身體活動量與自覺心理健康也顯著高於低政策環境居民，其身體質量指數與診斷三高情形顯著較低；鄰里環境與運動利益可顯著正向預測、運動阻礙可顯著負向預測從事動態生活之機率；動態生活型態者有高血脂、體重過重之機率低於從事非動態者，而從事動態生活型態者有心血管代謝風險之機率是從事非動態生活型態者之68%；鄰里環境、運動健康信念對身體活動有正向影響、身體活動則對生活品質有正向影響。身體活動的決定因素是運動健康信念、鄰里與政策環境，而維持動態生活型態可對生活品質與心血管代謝健康有正面影響，本研究結果可提供給個人心理、環境、相關政策之參考，促進身體活動是最重要的因素，進而達到健康促進之目標。Active lifestyle plays an important role inhealth promotion and disease prevention. The purpose of this study is to realize the relationship among neighborhood environment, health belief, physical activity, and health status through an ecological model of active living. The methods of data collection were from open government data and questionnaires. The participants were residents above 18 years old in Taiwan selected by quota sampling. Totally 1228 valid responded. The questionnaire included the scales of Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment, the accessibility of sport spaces, Health Belief in Physical Activity, IPAQ, SF12, and demographic background. Descriptive analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square, canonical analysis, logistic regression, and Partial Least Square-path analysis were used. The results demonstrated residents living in the high policy environment had significantly higher scores in the walkability, transport-related physical activity, and mental component summary, but a significantly lower body mass index and the distribution of cardiometabolic diseases than those living in the low policy environment. The accessibility and exercise benefit could positively predict active lifestyle, but exercise constraint was negative. Participants with an active lifestyle had a lower odds ratio in hyperlipidemia, overweight, and a 68% probability of cardiometabolic risk than those with an inactive lifestyle. The determinants of health belief, neighborhood and policy environment. Maintaining active lifestyle is beneficial for the quality of life and cardiometabolic health. This study provides a recommendation for people, environment, and policy. Physical activity promotion is a necessary element, in order to achieve the goal of health promotion.