視覺回饋對於腿部推舉重量訓練的影響

Abstract

重量訓練的過程中，膝關節角度之控制為影響訓練結果的重要因素。當從事阻力訓練時，若關節活動超過適當範圍，將易造成傷害。Song和Liu (2010) 的研究發現，提供外增視覺回饋（膝關節角度）時，對於執行腿部推舉機之動作，能提供較佳的「膝關節角度」控制與「穩定的膝間距」表現，但除了動作型態之穩定外，重量訓練之主要目的應為提升肌力。目的：探討外增視覺回饋對於新手做腿部推舉時，肌力之提升以及動作型態表現之影響。方法：十九位沒有重量訓練經驗的健康大專院校男生參與實驗，肌力訓練前後均做最大肌力測試。依據參與者之最大肌力，平均分配至兩組，分別為膝關節角度外增視覺回饋組與無外增視覺回饋組。各以40 bpm的節奏進行，以阻力75%1RM的腿部推舉八下共分三組，總共做十五次練習。十五次練習前後，不分組別皆不給予回饋，做為動作型態前後測量觀察之依據。訓練過程中，以數位攝影機、雙軸電子量角器，收取膝間距與膝關節角度的變化，膝關節角度回饋組以角度顯示器，給予動作範圍的膝關節角度做外增視覺回饋。統計方法利用SPSS17.0版統計套裝軟體，以獨立樣本單因子共變異數、Alpha (α) =.05之條件來分析，以前測做為共變數，來檢驗在不同組別即有無回饋條件下之差異。若回歸同質檢驗有顯著差異(p<0.05 )，則以回饋(2) ×前後測(2)，進行混合設計二因子重複量數變異數分析來進行檢驗，以探討外增視覺回饋對腿部推舉動作型態與肌力提升的影響。結果：有回饋較無回饋組90°的絕對誤差有顯著的進步，F (1.17) = 4.960, p < .05，後測時有回饋組較無回饋組有顯著的最大肌力提升，F (1.17) = 5.930, p < .05。結論：有膝關節角度的外增視覺回饋，對於執行腿部推舉動作時膝屈曲角度控制有顯著(p<0.05 )幫助，且與無回饋組相比之下，有較顯著(p<0.05 )之最大肌力提升。

To control the range of motion (ROM) of knee joint is the key factor during leg strength training. It is very important to maintain a proper ROM and stance during the resistance training exercise to prevent injuries. Song and Liu (2010) found that providing augmented visual feedback (knee angle) could improve better control of ”knee angle” and more stable performance of “knee distance” during leg press exercise. However, the main purpose of resistance training is improving the muscle power. Purpose: To Investigate the effect of augmented visual feedback on the improvement of muscle power from the leg press training. Methods: Nineteen healthy college males without any lower body strength training experiences volunteered in the experiment. Before and after the 15 sessions of strength training, all participants were tested for one repetition maximum strength (1RM). Three sets of leg press were paced at 40 bpm for 8 flexions and extensions. A 2-axial electronic goniometer was attached to the lateral of the left knee joint to measure the angle of knee during the movement. A camera was place on the top of subjects to record change of knee distances. The angular display unit was connected to the goniometer which provided the angular displacement of the knee movement as the augmented visual feedback. Data were analyzed with one-way ancova, All statistical analysis were completed with SPSS17.0. Results: The augmented visual feedback group was more accurate at the 90-degree position than without augmented visual feedback group, F (1.17) = 4.960, p< .05, and the muscle power also showed significant difference between groups, F (1.17) = 5.930, p < .05. Conclusion: The augmented visual feedback could facilitate the control of the angular displacement of the knees leg press exercise and enhance the muscle power improvement.