環境感測換氣系統對於緩解豬隻感染呼吸道疾病的應用潛力評估

Abstract

臺灣養豬業中肉豬生長遲滯情況，經常發生在保育期與肥育前期肉豬體內的疾病包括呼吸道跟消化道的感染，造成養豬業者嚴重的經濟損失。如何有效預防及感測監控保育期與肥育前期豬隻的呼吸道傳染疾病，已經是臺灣養豬業者亟需要解決的關鍵問題。為此，本論文探討的目的針對環境感測換氣系統對於緩解豬隻呼吸道疾病的影響，希望藉此輔助豬隻的呼吸道傳染病防治，提升飼養的生產力及品質。 本論文從畜牧環境內部空氣品質感測的觀點切入，開發適用於畜牧養殖場內的環境感測系統，透過有策略的建構環境感測器與收集感測資料，進行資料蒐集分析，並運用偵測到環境的不同特徵值資料，作為應用防範豬隻流感與相關傳染病參考。 研究實驗結果顯示，室內豬場空氣中影響的潛在因子包括：二氧化碳(CO2)濃度、濕度、環境細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)及環境總揮發性有機化合物(TVOC)都較室外的空氣濃度高；而豬場環境排風扇的運作增加室內的通風性，會使得空氣品質獲得明顯改善；此外，仔豬血液的檢測報告也證實飼養在設置排風扇豬場的仔豬，體內引起過敏反應的嗜酸性白血球細胞數目，會遠較密閉豬場內的仔豬低。 這結果說明了，建置環境空氣質量監測系統及排風扇，除了可改善及緩解目前動物呼吸道的疾病外，未來也可提供有效的環境監測及產業應用的價值。

The growth retardation of pigs in the Taiwan pig farming industry is often caused by respiratory and digestive tract infections in pigs in the nursery and pre-fattening stages, resulting in serious economic losses for pig farmers. How to effectively prevent, detect and monitor respiratory infections in pigs during the nursery and pre-fattening period has been a key issue that pig farmers in Taiwan urgently need to solve.To this end, the purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of environmental sensing and ventilation systems on the mitigation of respiratory diseases in pigs, in the hope that it will assist with the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in pigs and improve the productivity and quality of farming.This paper develops an environmental sensor system for livestock farms from the viewpoint of air quality sensing in the livestock environment. By strategically constructing environmental sensors and collecting sensing data, we collect and analyze data, and use the data of different characteristics of the detected environment as a reference for the application of preventing influenza and related infectious diseases in pigs.The results of the study showed that the potential factors affecting the air in indoor pig farms include: carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, humidity, ambient fine suspended particulates (PM2.5), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) are higher than outdoor air concentrations; and the operation of environmental exhaust fans in pig farms increases indoor ventilation, resulting in significant improvements in air quality. In addition, blood tests on piglets confirmed that the number of eosinophilic leukocytes causing allergic reactions was much lower in piglets kept in farms with exhaust fans than in piglets kept in enclosed farms.The results show that the installation of an ambient air quality monitoring system and exhaust fans can improve and alleviate the current respiratory diseases in animals and provide effective environmental monitoring and industrial applications in the future.