當女人成為旅人—女性海外自助旅行之旅遊體驗分析

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解臺灣女性海外自助旅行之旅遊體驗，藉由分析女性海外自助旅行之旅遊體驗，探究女性旅者完整往返歷程、瞭解女性對自身生命之探索歷程，進而窺探女性熱衷從事自助旅行的社會意涵。本研究運用深度訪談研究方法，以立意及滾雪球法 (snowball sampling) 進行取樣。本研究邀請10名女性海外自助旅行者進行個別深度訪談，透過訪談及資料分析，所得結論如下： 一、女性家與自助旅行關係存在三種類型，女性海外自助旅行動機以內在動機為主，外在動機亦逐漸增強，資歷較深與資淺者旅行動機存在差異。旅伴關係亦是旅行限制，共分四種類型。安全顧慮未構成阻礙，女性對安全具風險掌控能力。 二、女性旅者藉由旅行跳脫框架並體驗自我，具強烈自我意識及獨立自主性。女性重視旅伴關係以及當地關係的建立，期待脫離原來生活，透過旅程的互動體驗與融入當地，自我建構獨特的自助旅行體驗，在過程中驗證與實現自我，視旅行為生活重心。 三、女性自助旅行不再是狹隘的自我逃脫，或為了擺脫父權壓抑，女性從事自助旅行，與自我能力評估與風險掌握能力相關。女性勇與脫離社會脈絡與社會期待。自助旅行有助增進家庭關係，成就圓滿的自我與社會關係。 本研究建議如下：自助旅行雖以女性為主，整體旅遊環境對女性仍不夠友善，如硬體設施與住宿環境，女性旅者應透過管道，例如網站，來集結發聲、分享資訊與資源，形成共識與策略，逐步改善旅遊環境，創造更利於女性自助旅行的友善空間。The research aimed to analyze Taiwan female independent travelers’ oversea experience. The meaning of their journeys and the social significance of their devotion to oversea travel were revealed through the analysis of their experience and travel process. It adopted in-depth interview methods. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were employed in this study. Ten female independent travelers were interviewed respectively. Based on the analysis of the interviews and data, findings were shown as below: 1. There were three types of relationships between females’ family and their traveling. Female oversea independent travel was basically motivated by internal motivations. External motivation, however, was reinforced gradually. Travel motivations varied between experienced and unexperienced female travelers. Partner relationships, which were also traveling restrictions for women, were of great concerns. For types of female partner relationships were found. Safety issues, however, didn’t become female travelers’ obstacles. Female were capable of managing safety risks. 2. The female, strongly self-conscious and independent, gained out-of-the-boxing and experienced their selves by traveling. They valued partner relations and focused on building relationship with the local. The female self-constructed distinctive travel experiences, originated from the interactive experience and the sense of being part of the scene by escaping from their daily life. Female travelers achieved verification and self-realization of their selves by traveling and considered traveling as life focus. 3. Female independent travel was not limited to only escaping from self or the oppression of patriarchy; it was highly related to self-ability assessment and risk management. Female had the courage to get away from the social context and social expectation. Independent travels contributed positively to a better family relation, a more fulfilling individuality and social relation for women. Based on the conclusions, the following suggestions were made. Although the majority of independent travelers were female, the overall tourism environment, such as hardware facilities and accommodation environments, were not well-established. Female travelers should try to be heard, by means of Internet, for example. They should unite and overcome the difficulties together, share resources and information with each other so that consensus and strategies could be formulated and the travel environment would be improved. Then a more friendly traveling space and environment for the female could be created in the future.