後馬哈迪時期馬中關係

Abstract

馬來西亞在國際社會上的表現秉持不侵犯自身利益的原則，向來不正面挑戰大國或與其他國家交惡，對外關係採取務實的外交理念。從馬中關係來看，馬來西亞面對崛起的中國，有國際環境和內部政治的考量因素。馬哈迪時期馬來西亞與中國建立穩定的情誼基礎。雖然後續的領導人延續對中政策，但是隨著國際社會環境的變遷、國內政治經濟情勢的發展、還有領導人不同的領導風格，馬中關係也推演至不同的深化階段。 本論文主要探討馬來西亞與中國的外交關係，分別由國際、國家、個人等三個層次分析作為研究途徑。阿都拉與納吉時期的馬中關係產生的延續與變化，是本文分析在後馬哈迪時期馬中關係受影響之因素。最後本文認為後馬哈迪時期的馬來西亞政府未大幅改變馬哈迪之對中政策，僅做出些微調整。本文透過三個層次分析得出馬中關係在阿都拉時期所受到的影響主要體現在個人層次，即阿都拉的性格與政治理念與其前任不同；至於納吉執政時期恰逢國際局勢變遷之際，因此顯示國際層次為馬中關係帶來影響性因素。

When dealing with foreign affairs in international society, Malaysia’s diplomatic policy has always been pragmatic in nature. While upholding its national interests, Malaysian government avoids direct confrontation with major powers and plays a benign role among its counterparts. Malaysia-China relations, to Malaysia, are not just about facing the China’s rise, but also show Malaysia’s consideration of its external conditions and domestic political atmosphere. The foundation of the bilateral ties between these two countries was forged during Mahathir’s administration. Although Mahathir’s successors continued his China policy, Malaysia-China relations have moved to another stage due to the change in international environment, the development of national political economy and the shift in political leadership. This research aims to examine the diplomatic relations between Malaysia and China through three levels of analysis, i.e., international level, state level and individual level. The author analyzes the shift and continuity in Malaysia-China relations under both Abdullah Badawi’s and Najib’s premierships, in order to understand the factors contributing to the development of the relationship in the post-Mahathir era. The findings of the research conclude that the successive government after Mahathir’s leadership has taken no major shift in Malaysia’s China policy but has made some adjustments. The outcome of three levels of analysis shows that the individual level had significant influence on Malaysia-China relations during Abdullah Badawi’s administration due to his personality and political ideology differing from those of his predecessor. On the contrary, there have been profound changes in international political economy since Najib took the helm, significantly affecting Najib’s China policy.