等長與等速活化後增能對女子足球選手反覆衝刺與敏捷性之影響

Abstract

目的：探討等長與等速活化後增能 (postactivation potentiation, PAP) 對女子足球選手反覆衝刺 (repeated sprint ability, RSA) 與敏捷性 (repeated change of direction, RCOD) 之影響。方法：本實驗共招募12名女性大專足球運動員為研究對象。以重複量數、平衡次序之實驗設計，讓受試者分別接受三種不同實驗處理，包括控制處理 (CON) 、等長腿部推蹬處理 (isometric leg press, ILP，10組 × 1.5秒，組間休息2分鐘) 及等速腿部推蹬處理 (isokinetic leg press, IKLP，3組 × 5秒，組間休息30秒) ，於實驗處理後進行RSA或RCOD測驗。每項實驗處理間隔至少間隔48小時。測驗過程中記綠每趟衝刺時間，對最快 (fast time, FT) 、平均 (average time, AT) 與總時間 (total time, TT) 進行分析。結果：在RSA測驗方面，FT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP，3.49 ± 0.08 vs. 3.49 ± 0.09 vs. 3.48 ± 0.06秒，p > .05) 、AT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP，3.56 ± 0.10 vs. 3.57 ± 0.09 vs. 3.58 ± 0.08秒，p > .05) 與TT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP，21.40 ± 0.64 vs. 21.44 ± 0.58 vs. 21.50 ± 0.49 秒p > .05)，在三種實驗處理之間，皆未達顯著差異 (p > .05) ；在RCOD部分，FT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP，5.29 ± 0.22 vs. 5.26 ± 0.18 vs. 5.30 ± 0.21秒，p > .05) 、AT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP，5.39 ± 0.20 vs. 5.37 ± 0.16 vs. 5.43 ± 0.19秒，p > .05) 與TT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP，32.36 ± 1.23 vs. 32.23 ± 1.00 vs. 32.59 ± 1.19秒，p > .05) ，在三種實驗處理之間，亦未達顯著差異 (p > .05) 。結論：女子足球運動員利用ILP或IKLP進行熱身時，無法提升RSA或RCOD衝刺測驗之運動表現，其下原因可能與過高強度造成疲勞有關。

Purpose: To investigate the acute effects of postactivation potentiation (PAP) induced by isometric and isokinetic contractions on repeated sprint ability (RSA) and repeated change of direction (RCOD) in female soccer players. Methods: Twelve collegiate female soccer players participated into this repeated-measured and counter-balanced designed study. Participants performed three treatments, the control (CON), the isometric leg press (ILP: 10 sets of 1.5 sec, 2-min rest intervals), and the isokinetic leg press treatment (IKLP: 3 sets of 5 sec, 30-sec rest intervals), with 48 hours apart. The RSA and RCOD performances were measured prior to and 5 min after treatments. The fast time (FT), average time (AT) and total time (TT) for each sprint were analysed. Results: No significant effects on FT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP, 3.49 ± 0.08 vs. 3.49 ± 0.09 vs. 3.48 ± 0.06 sec, p >.05), AT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP, 3.56 ± 0.10 vs. 3.57 ± 0.09 vs. 3.58 ± 0.08 sec, p >.05), and TT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP, 21.40 ± 0.64 vs. 21.44 ± 0.58 vs. 21.50 ± 0.49 sec, p > .05) were found among treatments during RSA test. There were also no significant effects on FT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP, 5.29 ± 0.22 vs. 5.26 ± 0.18 vs. 5.30 ± 0.21 sec, p >.05), AT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP, 5.39 ± 0.20 vs. 5.37 ± 0.16 vs. 5.43 ± 0.19 sec, p >.05), and TT (CON vs. ILP vs. IKLP, 32.36 ± 1.23 vs. 32.23 ± 1.00 vs. 32.59 ± 1.19 sec, p > .05) among treatments during RCOD test. Conclusion: The ILP and IKLP warm-up activities might result in fatigue, thus unchanging the subsequent RSA and RCOD performances in female soccer players.