中華職棒球員籌組工會之障礙研究

Abstract

中華職棒成立至今已逾17年，卻未有任何組織專為球員爭取權益。在資方缺乏長遠眼光的經營方式下，球員權益被剝奪的情況屢見不鮮。另外，聯盟雖已運作了17年，制度上仍有許多不足之處，影響球員的利益甚鉅。若能有工會從旁敦促，應有助於加快健全制度的腳步。美國、日本等職業棒球運動發達之國家，球員工會皆已行之有年，何以球員勞動環境低落的台灣未有球員工會持續存在？本研究從確認中華職棒球員的勞動條件出發，接著釐清工會之概念，並借力於美國職棒大聯盟球員工會相關概念，瞭解球員工會。最後探討外部環境以及產業內部於球員組織工會時所存在的障礙。研究發現：中華職棒球員籌組工會時，外部障礙包括工會法中工會區域的規定、黑道勢力介入控制職棒比賽及產業經濟規模小、市場景氣不佳等因素。內部障礙則為產業中勞資權力結構不平衡，資方握有極大權力、球團老闆對球員工會的否定與阻撓、球員具有權威性格及搭便車企圖等。

It has been 17 years since the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) was established, however, there is no organization fighting for the rights of the players. Players are exploited because of the operators’ lack of vision. In addition, although the CPBL has operated for 17 years, many institutional problems remain which affect players’ benefits the most. If there was a union prompting the operators of the CPBL, it may improve the whole system. In some well-developed professional sports leagues such as Major League Baseball (MLB) and Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB), a players’ association has existed for many years. Why is there no players association continuing operating in Taiwan where working conditions are so low? This study began by confirming the working conditions of CPBL players, and then discussed the conception of a labor union. Furthermore, this study referred to the situations of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) to understand players’ associations better, and discussed the obstacles existing outside and inside the CPBL which players face when organizing their union. The results were as follows: outer obstacles include the stipulations about organizing area in Labor Union Law, gansters’ attempts to control the game results, and the economic scale. Obstacles inside the CPBL are power imbalance between owners and players, owners’ negations and obstructions to players’ association, the authoritarian personality of players, and players’ attempts on free rides.