從顛沛流離到落地生根：黎氏家族緬甸、臺灣、澳門遷徙史（1937-1990）

Abstract

1937年第二次中日戰爭全面爆發，筆者的家族為躲避戰火的摧殘，從故鄉廣東新會倉皇逃亡到緬甸，隨後即在仰光唐人街定居生活，渡過了20餘年的光陰；然而，1962年3月緬甸發生政變之後，尼溫（Ne Win）政權試圖將緬甸改造為「緬甸式社會主義」國家，推行一系列的「國有化」政策。全緬各地掀起大規模的排華浪潮，同時也將新會黎家安穩的生活，推到了恐怖的泥沼之中。面對時局的動盪不安，筆者的祖父黎雪湖於是計畫將其子女們，全部送到「祖國」臺灣升學讀書，冀望能夠在臺灣安生立命。 1950年代開始，中華民國政府即擬定諸多「僑生回國升學」的相關法規條自，並接受美援僑教計畫的補助與技術協助，為往後臺灣的僑生教育體系建立良好的基礎。對於深受緬甸國內排華衝突之影響，渴望得到「祖國」庇護的新會黎家而言，提供了絕佳的機會與管道。雖然，這項移民計畫因為大時代的紛亂以及黎雪湖早逝的緣故，僅完成階段性的部分。今日家族成員各自成家立業，分居於臺灣、澳門、美國等地。 爬梳這段輾轉各地的遷移史，可以發現新會黎家乃是具有強烈移民性格的家族。每當世界局勢發生重大變化時，新會黎家都必須迫於現實，選擇出一個對家族最有利的抉擇。在移民的策略上，深受緬甸國內對華人的態度，以及中國大陸（中華人民共和國）與臺灣（中華民國）雙方政府之間，對僑務政策的消長變化。因此，本論文透過新會黎家的家族史研究，試圖為臺灣社會大眾呈現緬甸華人在唐人街的生活樣貌與輪廓，並藉由探尋其複雜的跨國移民軌跡，對緬甸華人族群可以有更多元的想像與理解。In 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. In evasion of the war, my family (the Lis) fled from Xinhui of Guangdong Province, China, to Myanmar and was based in the Chinatown of Yangon, spending more than 20 years there. However, after the 1962 Myanmar coup d’état, the Ne Win administration attempted to establish Myanmar as a socialist state under “the Myanmar Way to Socialism” ideology, implementing a series of “nationalization” policies. Meanwhile, the escalating anti-Chinese sentiment all over Myanmar dramatically impacted the steady life of the Li family, who ended up living in plights. Under the unsettling circumstances, my grandfather Li Xue-Hu planned to send his descendants to their “motherland” Taiwan for their education, hoping they could thereby settle down and get on with their life. Subsidized and assisted by the U.S. aid program, the ROC government had drafted and enacted many regulations regarding overseas ethnic Chinese students studying in Taiwan since the 1950s, thus laying the sound foundation for the future education system for overseas ethnic Chinese students in Taiwan and also providing the Li family, who was being deeply impacted by the anti-Chinese sentiment in Myanmar and invoking the protection of the “motherland”, with a favorable opportunity at that time. Despite the partial completion of the whole migration plan due to the chaotic background and the decease of Li Xue-Hu, the Lis have currently scattered and been rooted in different places such as Taiwan, Macau, and the U.S. By scrutinizing the whole migratory history, we can discover that the Lis are a family with an intense migratory character. Whenever any significant change occurred in the world, compelled by reality, the Li family managed to make the most advantageous decision, with their strategies greatly influenced by Burmese people’s attitude to Chinese and the vicissitudes between the PRC government and the ROC government on the policy of overseas ethnic Chinese affairs. Therefore, this dissertation attempts to present the overview and lifestyle of Burmese Chinese in the Chinatown to the Taiwanese public through the study of the Li family’s history, further visualizing and understanding the Burmese Chinese community through the exploration of the complex transnational migration.