智慧農業科技之擴散與採用初探
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2023
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氣候變遷和糧食安全是農業永續發展的重要議題，聯合國糧食與農業組織倡議的氣候智慧農業，已吸引國際產官學界關注。智慧科技在農業發展中的應用，已成為當前趨勢。本研究旨在探討臺灣農民對智慧農業科技的擴散效果及採用行為，以及其間的關聯性和影響效果。本研究主要依據於農民聯誼會、農業相關科系校友、FB各農業社團、LINE各農業社團所發放的網路問卷調查，共回收210份有效樣本。分析方法分別採用線性迴歸、Poisson迴歸及工具變數迴歸進行。研究結果顯示，臺灣農民達八成五以上有聽過智慧農業，這顯示智慧農業在農民之間的確存在「自然擴散」及「計畫傳播」的效果，並且在一定程度上被農民視為提高社會地位的象徵。傳播效果中以農友相互推薦帶來的溝通及影響是提升農民「採用意願」的重要途徑之一；但在「計畫傳播」的擴散效果中，僅有學校教育的宣傳推廣能夠在一定程度上促使臺灣農民實際「採用」智慧農業科技；其他管道如農業展覽會，政府農業相關培訓推廣等反而帶來負面效果。從「採用」智慧農業科技的角度來觀察，有四成臺灣農民至少使用過一種智慧農業科技。採用者集中於男性、種植蘭花、農地面積大者；其中較令人意外的是，相較於承租土地的農民，反而自有土地的農民，較少採用智慧農業科技。「氣候變遷」、「技術效益」和「社會地位」等外部環境因素並未顯著影響農民的決策。這可能意味著在面對新技術的採用時，農民的考慮因素較為多元，而非僅受外部環境的影響，而這些因素對於農民的決策更為重要。總體而言，本研究對智慧農業科技在臺灣農業中的擴散與採用進行了初步探討，揭示了智慧農業科技在臺灣推廣所面臨的困難情況。未來研究可以由結合不同性質的研究方法、擴展研究範疇、深化研究對象等方面著手，推動智慧農業的發展需要政府、產業界、學術界和農民共同努力；達到農業的可持續性！
Climate change and food security are critical concerns in achieving sustainable agriculture. The climate smart agriculture advocated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has attracted the attention of international industry, government and academia. The application of smart technology in agricultural development has become the current trend. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diffusion effect and adoption behavior of Taiwanese farmers towards smart farming technology, as well as the correlation and influence of these factors.To gather data, we distributed online questionnaires to various agriculture-related channels, such as the Farmers Association, alumni of agriculture-related departments, and agricultural communities on Facebook and LINE, and collected 210 valid samples. We analyzed the questionnaires using linear regression, Poisson regression, and instrumental variables (2SLS) regression.Our results show that over 85% of Taiwanese farmers had heard of smart farming, indicating the"Diffusion" and "Dissemination" effects among farmers. Moreover, farmers regarded it as a symbol of improving social status to some extent. One of the important ways to increase farmers' "adoption willingness" is through communication and influence brought about by mutual recommendation among farmers. However, among the diffusion effects of "Dissemination", only the publicity and promotion of school education can, to a certain extent, encourage Taiwanese farmers to actually "adopt" smart farmingtechnology; other channels, such as agricultural exhibitions and government agricultural-related training and promotion, had negative effects.From the perspective of"adopting" smart farming technology, 40% of Taiwanese farmers have used at least one type of smart farming technology. It is surprising that farmers who own their own land are less likely to use smart farming technology than those who lease their land. Outer context factors such as "climate change", "technological efficiency" and "social status" did not significantly influence farmers' decision making. This may imply that when faced with the adoption of new technologies, farmers' considerations are more diverse rather than solely influenced by the external environment, and that other factors are more important to farmers' decisions. Overall, this study presents a preliminary examination/investigation on the diffusion and adoption of smart agricultural technology in Taiwan, revealing the difficulties faced in the promotion of smart farming technology. Future research can incorporate diverse research methodologies, expand the scope of the research, and conduct deeper investigation on study subjects (farmers). Achieving sustainable agriculture and promoting the development of smart agriculture requires thejoint efforts of the government, the industry, academia, and farmers.
Climate change and food security are critical concerns in achieving sustainable agriculture. The climate smart agriculture advocated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has attracted the attention of international industry, government and academia. The application of smart technology in agricultural development has become the current trend. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diffusion effect and adoption behavior of Taiwanese farmers towards smart farming technology, as well as the correlation and influence of these factors.To gather data, we distributed online questionnaires to various agriculture-related channels, such as the Farmers Association, alumni of agriculture-related departments, and agricultural communities on Facebook and LINE, and collected 210 valid samples. We analyzed the questionnaires using linear regression, Poisson regression, and instrumental variables (2SLS) regression.Our results show that over 85% of Taiwanese farmers had heard of smart farming, indicating the"Diffusion" and "Dissemination" effects among farmers. Moreover, farmers regarded it as a symbol of improving social status to some extent. One of the important ways to increase farmers' "adoption willingness" is through communication and influence brought about by mutual recommendation among farmers. However, among the diffusion effects of "Dissemination", only the publicity and promotion of school education can, to a certain extent, encourage Taiwanese farmers to actually "adopt" smart farmingtechnology; other channels, such as agricultural exhibitions and government agricultural-related training and promotion, had negative effects.From the perspective of"adopting" smart farming technology, 40% of Taiwanese farmers have used at least one type of smart farming technology. It is surprising that farmers who own their own land are less likely to use smart farming technology than those who lease their land. Outer context factors such as "climate change", "technological efficiency" and "social status" did not significantly influence farmers' decision making. This may imply that when faced with the adoption of new technologies, farmers' considerations are more diverse rather than solely influenced by the external environment, and that other factors are more important to farmers' decisions. Overall, this study presents a preliminary examination/investigation on the diffusion and adoption of smart agricultural technology in Taiwan, revealing the difficulties faced in the promotion of smart farming technology. Future research can incorporate diverse research methodologies, expand the scope of the research, and conduct deeper investigation on study subjects (farmers). Achieving sustainable agriculture and promoting the development of smart agriculture requires thejoint efforts of the government, the industry, academia, and farmers.
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智慧農業, 智慧農業科技, 創新擴散, MDDDII概念模型, 資通訊科技, Smart Agriculture, Smart Farming Technology, Innovation diffusion, MDDDII conceptual model, Information and Communication Technology