應用計畫行為理論探討金門地區高中職學生參與運動社團意圖之研究

Abstract

本研究以Ajzen(1985)所發展的計畫行為理論為基礎，旨在驗證計畫行為理論模式在解釋金門地區高中職學生參與運動社團意圖之適配性，並瞭解模式各潛在變項對金門地區高中職學生參與運動社團意圖的影響程度。研究係以叢集抽樣，共得金門高中職一、二年級339位學生為研究對象。首先，透過開放式引導問卷收集題項，編製成結構式問卷，再利用探索性因素分析建立初步模式，最後，進行模式的驗證與分析。經描述性統計、驗證性因素分析、結構方程模式進行資料的處理。結果發現： 一、有半數以上金門地區高中職學生在未來一學期有參加運動社團的意圖，對於態度、主觀規範、行為控制知覺等信念亦多表示正向的認知。 二、以計畫行為理論為基礎所建構的「金門高中職學生參與運動社團意圖模式」與樣本資料間的適配性已達到可接受的水準，表示此模式適用於解釋金門高中職學生參與運動社團的意圖，惟模式內在品質仍有待改進。 三、模式各潛在變項對金門地區高中職學生參與運動社團意圖的影響以「行為控制知覺」最大，「態度」次之；「行為控制知覺」中的「便利條件」，以及「態度」中的「工具性信念」則為主要影響因素。 上述結果顯示，學校應藉由多樣化的社團活動，培養學生對運動社團的興趣，並鼓勵同伴邀約一起參加。亦應加強運動設施的改善與專業師資的招聘。而學校若能安排固定的運動社團參與時間，則更能使學生感到便利，進而活絡其參與意願。此外，必須建立學生對運動參與的正面評價，減少負向信念的認知，使學生更瞭解運動社團所能帶來的益處。

The framework of this study was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) developed by Ajzen(1985). The purpose was to confirm whether TPB could be a fitting model for explaining intentions of students in Kinmen high schools to participate in sports clubs. The next was to understand how the degree of all latent variables of the model influences their intentions. Three hundred and thirty-nine students in the first and second grade were selected from Kinmen high schools through cluster sampling. First, we collected questions through the open questionnaire to compile a structural questionnaire. And then we utilized Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to set up a preliminary model. Finally, we carried on the confirmation and analysis of the model. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It was found that: 1. More than half the students of Kinmen high schools had intentions to participate in sports clubs the next semester. Most of the students also showed positive cognition to the beliefs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. 2. The model of intentions of Kinmen high school students to participate in sports clubs established by TPB had already reached an acceptable level based on the sampled materials. This suggested that the model was suitable for explaining the intentions of Kinmen high school students to participate in sports clubs, but the inner quality of the model still remained to be improved. 3. Among the model latent variables in influencing the intentions of Kinmen high school students to participate in sports clubs, the perceived behavioral control served as the most influential factor, and the attitude the second. The convenient condition in perceived behavioral control and the instrumental belief in attitude were the most influential factors. the results showed that the school should diversify club activities to enhance students' interest in sports clubs, and encourage the students to participate together. The school should also improve sports facilities and recruit professional teachers. If the school could arrange for students to participate in sports clubs on a regular basis, this would facilitate students' participation and activate their willingness to join clubs even more. In addition, we must build the students' positive feedback with regard to participation in sports clubs, and reduce negative cognition, so that the students would understand the better benefits that sports clubs could bring in.