慢速壘球參與者之參與動機、團隊凝聚力與社會支持之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在分析慢速壘球參與者知覺的參與動機、團隊凝聚力與社會支持之現況，並探討不同背景變項之慢速壘球參與者所知覺的參與動機、團隊凝聚力與社會支持差異情形。本研究方法使用問卷調查法，以台北地區之慢壘球隊為研究對象，共回收有效問卷390份，所得資料使用描述性統計、信度分析、單因子變異數分析、t 檢定與皮爾森積差相關分析等統計分析。研究結果發現：一、台北地區慢速壘球參與者年齡集中在30-39歲，且以未婚為居多，教育程度以大學（專）為主，職業方面多半是上班族。31.5%的球員收入在30,001-40,000元左右，每人加入球隊的時間以三年以上為最多，每人每月參加慢壘活動次數多超過4次（含）以上。二、不同背景變相的參與者在參與動機上，有顯著差異存在。其次已婚或未婚、不同年齡、職業的球員，在團隊凝聚力方面有顯著差異存在。三、慢速壘球參與者之參與動機與團隊凝聚力構面呈正相關係。四、慢速壘球參與者之參與動機與社會支持構面之間有顯著正相關存在。慢速壘球運動已漸漸被國人接受，但是如何增加球員的參與動機及加強球隊的凝聚力，並獲得支持將是此休閒運動推展的重要關鍵。本研究結果，期能提供各慢速壘球之相關單位、協會組織、慢壘球隊及球員更加了解其參與動機與球隊內部概況，並協助賽程之規劃及球隊組織經營、管理、規劃、訓練及後續研究之參考。The purpose of this research was to analyze current status of the relationship between participative motivation, team cohesion and social support perceived by slow pitch softball participants, and compare the differences based on different background variables. This study adopts “Questionnaire Survey” to study the slow pitch softball teams in Taipei region. The three hundred ninety effective questionnaires filled out were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Analysis, One-Way ANOVA, T-test and Pearson Product-Momenit Correlation. The results showed as follows: (1) The slow pitch softball participants in Taipei have such characteristics as the age concentrated in 30 to 39 years old, single as the majority, the university or college level primarily, office workers mostly, thirty-one point five percent of those players earned $30,001 to $40,000 monthly, being a player more than three years as the majority and participating in this activity more than four times per month. (2) There was significant effect of participant’s background on participative motivation. Furthermore, there was significant effect of participant’s marriage status, age and occupation on team cohesion. (3) There was positive relationship between participative motivation and team cohesion factors perceived by slow pitch softball participants. (4) There was significant positive relationship between participative motivation and social support factors perceived by the participants. Based on the result of above-mentioned studies, this research’s conclusion and suggestion is how to increase player’s participative motivation and strengthen the team’s cohesive force will be the important key to promote this leisure activity even though slow pitch softball activities have been accepted gradually by people. These findings are expected to let relative organizations, unions, teams and players of slow pitch softball realize more about their participative motivation and internal situation of the teams. Moreover, they are also expected to be as references of operation, management, competition scheme, training and the following research for slow pitch softball teams.