動畫電影歌曲翻譯策略：以《冰雪奇緣》臺灣版為例

Abstract

外語動畫電影於國內上映時大多會提供中文配音版，角色所演唱的歌曲也 會由配音員配唱，而配音員演唱時所使用的翻譯文本極其重要，大大左右著觀 影者是否能感受原文歌詞意涵及音樂魅力。這種翻譯活動與「歌詞翻譯」不同， 譯者須將原文歌詞譯為可唱且可入樂的譯文歌詞，因此稱之為「歌曲翻譯」以 示區別。由於歌曲翻譯常出現在外語動畫電影中，故本研究以此為研究範疇， 選擇發行於 2013 年的知名動畫電影《冰雪奇緣》(Frozen)作為研究主題，探 討其中三首歌曲〈放開手〉(Let It Go)、〈想不想要做個雪人〉(Do You Want to Build a Snowman)和〈前所未有的感覺〉(For the First Time in Forever)，並分析譯者採用何種翻譯策略來配合電影的劇情與畫面、角色的設 定與口吻、音樂的節奏與旋律。本文以 Peter Low 所提出的歌曲翻譯五大項目為 主軸，針對可唱性、意義、自然度、節奏和韻律來分析上述三首歌曲，並透過 Johan Franzon 所提出的可唱性三層次來檢視譯文與音樂間的契合程度，再根據 Hans Vermeer 的翻譯目的論探討譯文歌詞是否達成原文目的，最後歸納出譯者 在《冰雪奇緣》三首曲目中所採取的翻譯策略，並提出譯者在實踐歌曲翻譯時 可遵循的準則。Most foreign animated films provide a dubbed version when introduced into Taiwan, and songs performed by characters are dubbed by a dedicated voice cast as well; therefore, the dubbing scripts are decisively important for the audience to understand the meaning of lyrics and feel the charm of music. Such translation is different from “lyric translation” because translators are required to render the lyrics into a singable translated text linked with the music, and the process is called “song translation” as a way to distinguish it from other translation activities. With the animated film Frozen launched in 2013 as the research subject, this study discusses the lyrics of three tracks in the movie — Let It Go, Do You Want to Build a Snowman, and For the First Time in Forever to delve into the translation strategies adopted by the translator and analyze how the translated lyrics correspond with the plots and scenes of the movie, the setting and diction of characters, as well as the rhyme and rhythm of the music. The study took the pentathlon principles of song translation proposed by Peter Low as the main theoretical basis, exploring the three tracks in the aspects of singability, sense, naturalness, rhythm, and rhyme. The theory of three layers of singability by Johan Franzon was also adopted to examine the compatibility between the translated texts and the music. Furthermore, the Skopos theory by Hans Vermeer was used to discuss whether the translated lyrics fulfilled the purposes of the source texts. Finally, the study identifies the translation strategies used in the three tracks and recommends several principles for translators when rendering songs intended for animated film dubbing.