殖民文化遺產的保存及其反思: 以臺灣桃園忠烈祠暨神社文化園區為例

Abstract

桃園神社被譽為臺灣保存最完整的日式神社遺址，其歷史脈絡跨越殖民與後殖民時代，展現了多元且複雜的角色轉換。日治時期，神社由創建無社格逐步升格為縣社，象徵其重要性提升；戰後，則轉型為忠烈祠，成為紀念先烈的場所。在此過程中，政治與信仰間的矛盾與挑戰層出不窮，凸顯了文化遺產在不同時代的功能與意涵。桃園神社兼具殖民與後殖民遺產的雙重身份，其歷史背景在當代多元共生的社會中引發關於認同的討論。針對其未來發展方向，若以神社為主軸，需考量如何實現再宗教化；若以忠烈祠為核心，則需探索不同信仰體系的共存模式。此議題同時反映了日本神道作為一種具有寬容性與包容力的信仰系統，在海外發展中的特殊脈絡。

透過資源的整合與休閒化等策略，桃園神社展現了殖民與後殖民遺產的展示價值，為建立新世代認同與交流提供契機，透過永續發展與多元應用的視角，神社文化園區可望成為文化保育、歷史反思與社會共融的重要示範場域。The Taoyuan Shrine, Taiwan’s most well-preserved Japanese Shinto shrine, has a history spanning colonial and postcolonial eras. Built during Japanese rule and later elevated to a prefectural shrine, it was repurposed as the Taoyuan Martyrs’ Shrine after World War II, reflecting shifting roles of cultural heritage and the complex relationship between politics and religion.As a site embodying both colonial and postcolonial identities, the shrine raises questions of cultural identity in Taiwan’s pluralistic society. Reimagining it as a Shinto shrine requires addressing re-sacralization, while maintaining it as a martyrs’ shrine involves fostering coexistence among diverse beliefs. Shinto’s adaptability, especially in overseas contexts, provides insights into these challenges.

By integrating tourism and leisure strategies, the shrine bridges its dual heritage, fostering dialogue and new identities. With a focus on sustainability and diverse applications, the shrine and its cultural park stand as a model for cultural preservation, historical reflection, and social cohesion.