1930年代初期世界農業危機與英日航運在亞洲國際海域小麥米穀航線的競爭

dc.contributor.author李宇平zh_tw
dc.contributor.authorLee, Yu-pingen_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-12T06:58:57Z
dc.date.available2019-08-12T06:58:57Z
dc.date.issued2017-12-??
dc.description.abstract1930年代初期世界經濟蕭條期間,國際大宗農作及穀物豐收,大幅降低原穀物生產區之美洲、澳洲等地開航至歐洲之跨洲際穀物輸送航線的需求,說明歐洲穀物生產過剩、歐洲穀物的輸入量銳減與世界海運市場低迷之間,密切相關。向來仰賴穀物進口之歐洲,生產過剩,不需從澳洲、美洲進口小麥,導致世界雜穀向歐輸出航線不振。之後,以澳洲小麥為主的雜穀,轉向亞洲輸出。澳洲海運市場抬頭與進入遠東航線,相對於世界其他穀物輸送航線,輸送量愈趨龐大,推進了亞洲航運市場,相對趨於景氣。就英、日商船在亞洲國際海運的競爭而言,首先,兩大戰期英國及日本在對外貿易、海上貿易和運輸,多係以原料和米榖雜糧等低價格貨物占大部分。英、日商船航運競爭的若干形貌,反映在英、日商船載運的大宗米榖雜糧類貨物之中。1930年代恐慌初期英、日兩國商船航線因地理分布不同,承受國際物流變化與世界農業危機的影響則有別。稻米因是亞洲域內生產的主要糧食,且多在亞洲域內消費,經濟蕭條期間,一定數量稻米之海上輸送,仍可持續地支撐亞洲航線。英國商船多為跨洲際航線及世界一周航線的經營者,原多承載了世界小麥海上貿易與運輸,因大恐慌期間跨洲際航線及世界一周航線之沒落,更無一顯身手之處。日本商船反於經濟恐慌期間,集中心力積極開闢亞洲兩地之間的定點航線。其所經營之澳洲小麥航線整編入原有的滿洲大豆航線以及南洋航線、曼谷航線等載運稻米為主的航線,航向中國、日本,使日本商船推進了亞洲航運市場上揚走勢。其次,1930年代初期,小麥及稻米兩種穀物的生產朝同方向變動,小麥豐收之際,稻米也同時豐收。大量基本的糧食穀物被拋向世界市場,傾銷至各國,促使糧價大幅下滑。30年代以中國為首的亞洲,因他國農產等初級產品之生產過剩,廉價傾銷。這可以說明英、日航運在亞洲國際海域的競爭,何以在海上貿易路線與運輸渠道的發展與整編上,反映了商品傾銷的本質。最後,本文說明,以日本商船為主的亞洲國際航線之飛躍進展為主調的近海海運復甦的趨勢中, 英國商船支配的亞洲國際航線相對弱勢的變化。可以管窺並說明,1930年代日本何以相對於英國,甚至世界其他國家,較早由經濟恐慌走向復甦。英、日航運間的競爭事實上重新整編了亞洲中心的海運網,即英國海運在亞洲近海為主的市場縮小,日本勢力則在以日本為中心的亞洲國際海運市場的擴大。zh_tw
dc.description.abstractThis article addresses the relation between international shipping and grain harvests during the early 1930s. During the early 1930s there were abundant food harvests worldwide, and many nations that previously relied on shipping for their staple foods were able to become more self-sufficient. Freight tonnage across international shipping routes fell sharply, allowing regional navigation routes to gain the ascendancy. As a result the great food harvests of the early 1930s caused a reshaping of international trade routes. In East Asia, Japanese shippers were able to take advantage of their proximity to China; the business of Japan flourished, allowing Japan to climb out of the Great Depression more quickly, and made the Japanese empire expand. By contrast, British shipping for grain to East Asia fell sharply, a decline that contributed to the demise of British imperialism.en_US
dc.identifier9424890B-8398-C7A4-A901-A365D9A233A6
dc.identifier.urihttp://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw:80/handle/20.500.12235/83849
dc.language中文
dc.publisher國立台灣師範大學歷史硏究所zh_tw
dc.publisherNational Taiwan Normal University Department of Historyen_US
dc.relation(58),151-200
dc.relation.ispartof臺灣師大歷史學報zh_tw
dc.subject.other1930年代zh_tw
dc.subject.other世界經濟大恐慌zh_tw
dc.subject.other農業危機zh_tw
dc.subject.other小麥zh_tw
dc.subject.other稻米zh_tw
dc.subject.other英國zh_tw
dc.subject.other日本zh_tw
dc.subject.other中國zh_tw
dc.subject.other1930sen_US
dc.subject.otherThe Great Depressionen_US
dc.subject.otherAgricultural Crisisen_US
dc.subject.otherWheaten_US
dc.subject.otherRiceen_US
dc.subject.otherShipping lineen_US
dc.subject.otherBritainen_US
dc.subject.otherJapanen_US
dc.subject.otherChinaen_US
dc.title1930年代初期世界農業危機與英日航運在亞洲國際海域小麥米穀航線的競爭zh-tw
dc.title.alternativeThe Agricultural Crisis and the British-Japanese Grain Shipping Line Competition in the Asian International Sea Area in the Early 1930szh_tw

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