宋代之醫者群像及醫德觀探討——以文言小說為考察中心

Abstract

本文透過宋代文言小說所載醫者及醫療相關事例之整理與分析，藉以探究宋代醫者之群像及故事中所反映之宋人的醫德觀。首先，考察文言小說所反映之宋代醫學發展概況，並將其與宋前小說之同類故事進行比較，從中指出宋代醫學發展最明顯之特徵為：醫者分科名稱之細部化與藥方記載、收集在當時之盛行；其次，探討醫學發展卓越之宋代，其醫者們所顯現之群像特色；包含行醫者不同之族群背景、女性涉醫之多見以及被挑戰與質疑的醫學專業等；最後，則藉由相關故事之考察與梳理，闡明宋人從正、反兩面將報應思想融入其中的醫德觀。

This paper aims to explore a range of doctor profiles and the kind of medical ethics emphasized in the Song dynasty through a compilation and analysis of doctors' stories and medical stories contained in classical Chinese tales of the Song dynasty. Firstly, this study investigated the overall development of medicine in the Song dynasty that was vividly described by some classical tales of the time. Then these descriptions were compared to those found in tales written prior to the Song dynasty. This comparison helps to identify a few key characteristics of the evolution of medicine in the Song dynasty: an increasing diversity in medicine and the prevalence of compilations of prescription and dispense records. Secondly, this study examined several factors that contributed to the broad variety of doctor profiles of that era. These factors included the different ethnic backgrounds of the doctors, the growing number of female doctors around the Song dynasty, and how the medical profession was challenged and called into question. Lastly, this study summarized stories and anecdotes and shed light on how the people of the Song dynasty viewed medical ethics from the perspective of karma.