參與準備班之國小一年級普通班自閉症學童學校適應情形探究

Abstract

本研究針對五位參與準備班之自閉症學童，運用質性研究方法，透過入班觀察以及對自閉症學童、家長和導師等人進行深度訪談等方式蒐集相關資料。本研究之目的是藉由了解參與準備班之自閉症學童在小學一年級普通班之學校適應情形，包括生活、社會與學習適應等三大面向，進一步對準備班的實施提出相關建議，期望能加強其入學準備度以提升其入學後之學校適應表現。 研究結果發現：(1)五位自閉症學童入學後在生活適應部份，特別是學校作息與常規遵守表現良好；(2)五位自閉症學童在社會適應部份均表現出與人互動之渴望，但大多缺乏社會互動技巧。(3)學習適應的部分則除了原本能力落差較大的一位學童之外，其餘四位學童在學習適應的部分則有不錯的學習參與和學習成就表現；(4)自閉症學童、家長與導師三者對於學校適應感受與重視層面各有所不同；(5)準備班對自閉症學童生活適應之學校作息與常規遵守等部分有明顯的幫助，然而其在社會適應部份之幫助則較不明顯；及(6)準備班實施雖未特別強調學習適應，但其在基本學習技能的建立對學童之學校適應亦有幫助。本研究根據研究結果進一步對準備班實施提出延長準備班實施時間、納入社會技巧課程之規劃等相關建議，期盼準備班之實施能對自閉症學童有更大的助益。 This study focused on five children with autism who had participated in pre-school summer program before entering elementary school. The qualitative method was used and data were collected by observing their performances in classes and interviewing the children, their parents and class teachers in depth. The purpose of this research was to make suggestions to the pre-school program according to exploring these children’s school adjustments as first graders in general classes, including the aspects of life, social and learning adjustments. The main findings were : (1) these five autistic children had good life adjustment, especially in following the school schedule and routines; (2) these five autistic children thirsted for social interaction with others but most of them lacked social skills; (3) all of them had good learning participation and achievement, except one autistic child due to low ability; (4) the autistic children, their parents, and teachers had different perspectives on school adjustments with different parts; (5) the pre-school summer program could improve the life adjustment ability such as following the school schedule and routines, however the effects on social adjustment were not so obvious; (6) the basic learning skills built by pre-school summer program was beneficial for children’s school adjustments although it didn’t emphasize on learning adjustments. We further recommended that the pre-school summer program should extend the duration and include the social skills training courses in order to promote the efficiency of the kind of programs.